Genetics Quiz: Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis

What is the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis?

• Replication

• Transcription

• Mutation

• Translation

Who first suggested that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes?

• Francis Crick

• Archibald Garrod

• George Beadle

• Boris Ephrussi

What is the initial RNA transcript from any gene called?

• mRNA

• Ribosomal RNA

• tRNA

• Primary transcript

What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

• Synthesize DNA

• Facilitate protein folding

• Link amino acids into polypeptide chains

• Modify RNA

What is the function of the 5' cap added to mRNA?

• Facilitate mRNA degradation

• Protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes

• Signal the end of transcription

• Initiate translation

What type of mutation changes an amino acid codon into a stop codon?

• Silent mutation

• Missense mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Frameshift mutation

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

• Transcribes DNA

• Carries amino acids to ribosomes

• Modifies RNA

• Initiates transcription

What is the term for the sequence that signals the end of transcription in bacteria?

• Transcription unit

• Polyadenylation signal

• Terminator

• Promoter

What is the main difference between transcription in bacteria and eukaryotes?

• Eukaryotes modify RNA after transcription

• Eukaryotes do not use RNA

• Bacteria have no ribosomes

• Bacteria do not have DNA

What is a polyribosome?

• A protein modification

• A type of RNA

• A complex of multiple ribosomes translating a single mRNA

• A mutation in a gene