Learning: Classical vs. Operant Conditioning

Who first described classical conditioning?

• B.F. Skinner

• Ivan Pavlov

• John Watson

• Albert Bandura

What is the main focus of classical conditioning?

• Voluntary behaviors

• Reflexive, involuntary behaviors

• Cognitive processes

• Social interactions

In classical conditioning, what is the term for a stimulus that automatically triggers a response?

• Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

• Neutral Stimulus (NS)

• Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

• Conditioned Response (CR)

During which phase of classical conditioning is the neutral stimulus repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus?

• Before Conditioning

• During Conditioning

• After Conditioning

• Extinction Phase

What does the conditioned stimulus (CS) evoke after conditioning has occurred?

• Unconditioned Response (UCR)

• Neutral Response (NR)

• Conditioned Response (CR)

• Reflexive Response (RR)

Who is associated with operant conditioning?

• Ivan Pavlov

• Sigmund Freud

• B.F. Skinner

• Carl Rogers

What does operant conditioning primarily involve?

• Reinforcement and punishment

• Social learning

• Involuntary responses

• Memory retention

What is positive reinforcement?

• Removing an unpleasant stimulus

• Adding a positive stimulus to increase behavior

• Presenting an aversive stimulus

• Withdrawing a desirable stimulus

What is negative reinforcement?

• Presenting an aversive stimulus to decrease behavior

• Removing a positive stimulus to increase behavior

• Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior

• Adding a positive stimulus to decrease behavior

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

• Giving a child a timeout

• Rewarding a child with candy

• Taking away a toy for bad behavior

• Yelling at a child