AP Psych 2nd 9 Weeks Test 1

Four-year-old Craig understands that birds build nests in trees. In his front yard, Craig notices an unusually large nest. He is scared to go near it, fearing that some large bird may attack him. Craig’s father explains to him that squirrels also build nests and that the nest in the front yard is that of a squirrel. Craig changes his thinking to now include the fact that squirrels build nests. Jean Piaget would say that Craig’s new way of thinking about nests is an example of

• insight

• accommodation

• an algorithm

• a heuristic

A basic assumption underlying short-term memory is that it is

• limited in capacity

• unlimited in capacity

• not under conscious control

• resistant to decay

Kaori is traveling on an airplane for the first time. As the plane takes off, she watches the automobiles driving on the freeway below. Even though the automobiles seem to get smaller as the airplane gains altitude, Kaori does not perceive the cars as shrinking but still perceives them to be their normal size. Which perceptual principle best describes this phenomenon?

• Constancy

• Absolute threshold

• Contrast

• Illusion

In the morning, Jorge watched a cartoon about a sarcastic rabbit. Later, in his psychology class, he viewed the image above and readily identified it as a rabbit instead of a duck. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

• Priming

• Habituation

• Conditioned response

• Stimulus generalization

When Amy was seven years of age, she had a babysitter from France. During this time Amy learned to speak a little French. Years later, when Amy got to college, she signed up for a beginning French class. Amy learned the material in her French class much more quickly than her classmates did. Amy’s rapid learning was most likely due to

• implicit memory

• episodic memory

• spontaneous recovery

• fluid intelligence

Researchers at a local university conduct research to find the biological bases for Alzheimer's disease. According to the ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association (APA), which of the following is true of psychological research in which animals are used as subjects?

• It must not involve the use of surgical procedures.

• It is no longer permitted by the APA without special authorization.

• It should conform to all APA ethical guidelines for animal research.

• It may not be conducted by psychologists who do not have a license.

While attending a concert, Anthony finds that he can clearly recognize the melody coming from the lead violin above all the other instruments playing in the orchestra, even though the other instruments may be louder. Gestalt psychologists would explain Anthony’s ability using the principle of

• figure-ground

• simplicity

• constancy

• proximity

Cassidy can only remember the titles of the first few books her teacher told her to get from the library. Which of the following concepts would best explain Cassidy’s experience?

• Zone of proximal development

• Insight learning

• The misinformation effect

• The primacy effect

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

• hippocampus

• hypothalamus

• medulla

• cerebellum

Cesar is participating in a memory competition. He must memorize a long, novel string of numbers in 60 seconds, then try to recall them immediately without missing or misplacing any numbers. Which strategy should Cesar use?

• Fixed mindset

• Chunking

• Spacing

• Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon