Expansion of Empires, War, and Reform

What were some of the effects of the Crusades?

• The Pope became a religious and secular leader

• Trade between Europe and the Muslim world grew

• Christians regained the Holy Land

• Jewish people were killed for their beliefs

• The Islamic Empire came to an end

How did Muslim scholars contribute to the field of mathematics?

• They developed Algebra

• They developed geometry

• They invented the abacus

• They invented written numbers

Why was traveling by camel challenging for traders?

• It required them to travel across the desert

• It opened them up to attacks and warfare

• it cost large amounts of time and money

• it resulted in the spread of disease

Why did Alexius I ask Pope Urban II for help?

• Peace in Palestine and Jerusalem depended on the presence of knights

• Trade controlled by the Muslim Turks raised prices for the Byzantines

• Conquests by Muslim Turks made travel to the Holy Land difficult

• War in the Holy Land threatened to spread into the Byzantine Empire

Why did barons and merchants force King John to sign the Magna Carta?

• He released many prisoners

• He raised taxes to pay for a war

• He lost lands to the Spanish king

• He prevented towns from having fairs

Why was the Magna Carta such an important document?

• it freed serfs from their lords

• it increased the power of guilds

• it ended conflict between European countries

• It made the king accountable to the laws of England

What were some of the effects of the Crusades?

• the spread of ideas and trade between Europe and Southwest Asia

• increased distrust between Christian and Muslim peoples

• Jews were persecuted for their beliefs

• Christians regained the Holy Land for good