What is the initial reliance on during the first few minutes of steady-state exercise?

• Phosphocreatine and anaerobic glycolysis

• Fat and carbohydrates

• Protein and aerobic glycolysis

• Water and electrolytes

What does EPOC stand for in the context of exercise physiology?

• Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption

• Elevated Pre-exercise Oxygen Consumption

• Enhanced Performance Oxygen Capacity

• Extended Physical Output Capacity

Once steady-state is reached, which two macronutrients are primarily relied upon to fuel exercise?

• Fat and carbohydrates

• Protein and fat

• Carbohydrates and protein

• Vitamins and minerals

Which factors dictate the proportion of ATP from each source during exercise?

• Intensity, duration, and fuel availability

• Speed, distance, and hydration

• Temperature, altitude, and rest

• Age, weight, and height

Graph showing the crossover concept of energy from fat and carbohydrates vs. % VO2 max

• The graph shows the point where energy from fat and carbohydrates is equal.

• The graph indicates the maximum energy output from carbohydrates.

• The graph illustrates the minimum energy output from fat.

• The graph represents the total energy expenditure at rest.

Which of the following is a source of carbohydrates (CHO) used for exercise?

• Muscle Glycogen

• Intramuscular Triglycerides

• Circulating Free Fatty Acids

• Adipose Tissue

What is a source of fat used for exercise?

• Intramuscular Triglycerides

• Muscle Glycogen

• Circulating Glucose

• Liver Glycogen

Which source provides circulating glucose for exercise?

• Liver Glycogen and Diet/Supplementation

• Intramuscular Triglycerides

• Adipose Tissue

• Muscle Glycogen

How do intensity and duration of exercise impact fuel selection?

• In a fairly predictable way

• In a random way

• Without any impact

• Only intensity matters

What happens to the contribution of energy sources during longer duration exercise?

• The contribution shifts towards the muscle.

• The contribution shifts away from the muscle.

• The contribution remains constant.

• The contribution shifts towards carbohydrates.