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What is a biocatalyst?

• A molecule that provides energy for a reaction

• A substance that slows down a chemical reaction

• A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed

• A chemical that reacts with enzymes to produce energy

Answer explanation

A biocatalyst, often an enzyme, accelerates reactions by lowering activation energy and remains unchanged after the reaction.

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What is the main role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

• • To create energy from substrates

• • To act as catalysts, speeding up reactions without being consumed

• • To break down large molecules into smaller ones only

• • To maintain a reaction at a constant rate regardless of conditions

Answer explanation

Enzymes function as catalysts that increase reaction rates without being used up in the process, a fundamental concept in biocatalysis.

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Which of the following best describes an enzyme?

• A molecule that stores genetic information

• A protein that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions

• A type of carbohydrate that provides energy

• A lipid that creates cell membranes

Answer explanation

• Enzymes are specialized proteins that accelerate biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy, enabling faster and more efficient processes.

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Which of the following factors can affect enzyme activity in a biocatalytic reaction?

• • a) Enzyme and substrate concentration

• • pH level of the environment

• • Temperature of the reaction

• • All of the above

Answer explanation

Enzyme activity is influenced by several factors, including enzyme and substrate concentration, pH, and temperature, all of which affect reaction rates and efficiency.

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What happens to most enzymes if the temperature exceeds their optimal range?

• • Enzyme activity increases indefinitely

• The enzyme structure denatures, causing a loss of activity

• The enzyme becomes faster as it gets hotter

• Enzyme activity remains constant regardless of temperature

Answer explanation

Enzymes have an optimal temperature range; if this is exceeded, they may lose their functional structure, reducing or stopping catalytic activity.

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How does pH affect enzyme activity?

• Enzymes are active at any pH level

• Enzymes are only active in acidic conditions

• pH affects the enzyme's shape and function, with each enzyme having an optimal pH

• pH changes only affect the substrate, not the enzyme

Answer explanation

Enzymes have specific pH ranges within which they are most active; deviations can alter enzyme structure and functionality, impacting reaction efficiency.