Transcription and Translation in Prokaryotes

In prokaryotes, the processes of transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm.

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Prokaryotes use the same RNA polymerase to transcribe all of their genes. It can initiate transcription by itself.

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The fifth subunit, σ, is involved only in transcription initiation. It recognizes the promoter.

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This complex is called closed complex (RNA polymerase holoenzyme + promoter).

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Transcription continues until termination signal is reached.

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Termination signal is a G-C rich sequence, followed by a region rich in A nucleotides on DNA template.

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Amino acids are being attached to their corresponding tRNA by an enzyme. The tRNA then is called charged tRNA.

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mRNA is translated during transcription process.

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Termination happens when a stop codon in the mRNA (UAA, UAG, or UGA) enters the A site.

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Transcription occurs in nucleus and Translation occurs in cytoplasm.

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