Molecular Diagnostics Techniques

What is the primary purpose of molecular and cellular diagnostics?

• To detect and analyze biological markers for disease diagnosis and treatment guidance.

• To create vaccines for infectious diseases.

• To store genetic information for future reference.

• To enhance the aesthetic appeal of biological samples.

Name one technique used to identify genetic mutations.

• Chromosome mapping

• DNA sequencing

• Protein analysis

• Gene therapy

How does sedimentation exploit the properties of macromolecules?

• Sedimentation uses the color of macromolecules to differentiate them.

• Sedimentation exploits the size, shape, and density of macromolecules to separate them based on their physical properties.

• Sedimentation is based on the chemical reactivity of macromolecules.

• Sedimentation relies solely on the temperature of the solution.

What role does charge play in electrophoresis?

• Charge only affects the color of the particles.

• Charge determines the direction and speed of particle movement in electrophoresis.

• Charge is irrelevant in the context of electrophoresis.

• Charge has no impact on particle movement.

Explain how mass spectrometry can be used in diagnostics.

• Mass spectrometry is used to measure blood pressure.

• Mass spectrometry can only analyze solid samples.

• Mass spectrometry can identify and quantify biomarkers for diseases, analyze metabolites, and detect pathogens in diagnostic applications.

• Mass spectrometry is primarily for food safety testing.

What is the significance of protein expression analysis?

• It helps in understanding biological processes, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic development.

• It is only relevant in agricultural studies.

• It is primarily used for food safety testing.

• It focuses solely on genetic sequencing.

Describe the effect of viscosity on macromolecule behavior in solution.

• Higher viscosity leads to faster macromolecule reactions.

• Viscosity slows down macromolecule movement and interactions in solution.

• Viscosity has no effect on macromolecule interactions.

• Viscosity increases macromolecule movement in solution.

What is shear stress and how does it influence macromolecules?

• Shear stress is the temperature at which macromolecules denature.

• Shear stress is the force per unit area acting parallel to a surface, influencing macromolecules by changing their conformation and interactions.

• Shear stress only affects small molecules, not macromolecules.

• Shear stress is the weight of macromolecules in a solution.

List one application of sedimentation in molecular diagnostics.

• Purification of DNA or RNA in molecular diagnostics.

• Amplification of DNA using PCR

• Sequencing of RNA for gene expression analysis

• Extraction of proteins from cells

How can electrophoresis separate different macromolecules?

• Electrophoresis separates macromolecules based on their color.

• Electrophoresis separates macromolecules by their temperature.

• Electrophoresis separates macromolecules using magnetic fields.

• Electrophoresis separates macromolecules by their size and charge.