Learning Review

Wolfgang Kohler considered a chimpanzee's sudden solving a problem evidence of which of the following?

• instinct
• insight
• learning set
• spontaneous recovery

Which type of reinforcement schedule provides a reward after a specific number of responses?

• Fixed interval
• Variable interval
• Fixed ratio
• Variable ratio

Who is associated with the concept of operant conditioning?

• Sigmund Freud
• Ivan Pavlov
• B.F. Skinner
• Albert Bandura

Latent learning is best described as learning that:

• Occurs but is not immediately evident
• Is forgotten unless reinforced
• Only occurs when punishment is involved
• Requires observational learning

When does a conditioned response occur?

• automatically
• as a result of pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus
• after extinction
• as a result of all of the above

A conditioned response may be extinguished when

• similar stimuli cause the same response
• stimuli that are not similar to each other cause a different response
• a conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by an unconditioned stimulus
• the conditioned response is no longer paired with an unconditioned response

Classical conditioning can be applied to help overcome fears using the method of

• flooding
• systemic desensitization
• counterconditioning
• all of the above

The process by which a stimulus increases the chances of a preceding behavior occurring again is called

• reinforcement
• extinction
• flooding
• systemic desensitization

What part of the brain fires when performing a certain action, and/or observing a certain action?

• aversion
• prefrontal lobes
• genes
• mirror neurons

Which pioneering learning researcher showed the antisocial effects of aggressive models on children's behavior?

• Bandura
• Pavlov
• Watson
• Skinner