Temperature and Kinetic Energy Quiz

The graph below shows the temperature of a sample of water as it is heated at a constant rate. Which of the following conclusions is BEST supported by the information on the graph?

• The average kinetic energy of the water molecules increases between points X and Y and increases between points Y and Z as the phase change occurs.

• The average kinetic energy of the water molecules increases between points X and Y and stays the same between points Y and Z as the phase change occurs.

• The average kinetic energy of the water molecules decreases between points X and Y and stays the same between points Y and Z as the phase change occurs.

• The average kinetic energy of the water molecules decreases between points X and Y and increases between points Y and Z as the phase change occurs.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A student places a small block of iron into a 200 g sample of water and heats both from 20°C to 80°C. The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g°C. The specific heat of iron is 0.4 J/g°C. How much heat is absorbed by the water? Compare the specific heat of the water to the specific heat of the iron. Which concluding statement best describes how the heat absorbed by the water compares to the heat absorbed by the iron?

• The water absorbs 4800 J of heat. The lower specific heat of the iron results in it absorbing more heat than the water to result in the same temperature change.

• The water absorbs 50160 J of heat. The lower specific heat of the iron results in it absorbing more heat than the water to result in the same temperature change.

• The water absorbs 50160 J of heat. The lower specific heat of the iron results in it absorbing less heat than the water to result in the same temperature change.

• The water absorbs 4800 J of heat. The lower specific heat of the iron results in it absorbing less heat than the water to result in the same temperature change.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A student conducted an investigation to determine the methods of heat transfer used to heat the thermometer, as shown in the model. What method(s) of heat transfer were used to heat the thermometer?

• Conduction only

• Convection only

• Both convection and radiation

• Both convection and conduction

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

A student uses an airtight 20 mL syringe and a pressure sensor to investigate the relationship between pressure and volume in nitrogen gas. The student adjusts the volume inside the syringe by moving the plunger. What are the appropriate steps for the investigation, and which graph shows what the student will most likely observe?

Which of the following procedures would best demonstrate Boyle's Law using a syringe and a gas?

• Step 1: Keep the temperature of the gas constant. Step 2: Adjust the plunger on the syringe to apply different amounts of pressure on the gas and record the resulting volume of the gas.

• Step 1: Increase the temperature of the gas. Step 2: Adjust the plunger on the syringe to apply different amounts of pressure on the gas and record the resulting volume of the gas.

• Step 1: Keep the temperature of the gas constant. Step 2: Adjust the plunger on the syringe to apply different amounts of pressure on the gas and record the resulting volume of the gas.

• Step 1: Increase the temperature of the gas. Step 2: Adjust the plunger on the syringe to apply different amounts of pressure on the gas and record the resulting volume of the gas.

Paul is investigating the effect of heat on gases. He pours 2 cm of water in a pan and places it on a stove. He then secures a balloon over the mouth of a 2-liter glass bottle and places it in the pan. He heats the pan until the water boils. After ten minutes, Paul transfers the bottle to another pan with ice water. Which of the following statements should Paul use as his conclusion from the experiment?

• In Step 1, as air in the bottle is heated, the electrons in air atoms emit heat energy all the way to the top causing the balloon to inflate. In Step 2, as air is cooled, the electrons radiate heat outside the balloon causing it to deflate.

• In Step 1, as air in the bottle is heated, the molecules of air move faster, expand, and reduce density, so they rise and inflate the balloon. In Step 2, as air is cooled, the molecules slow down causing the air to contract, deflating the balloon.

• In Step 1, warmer air molecules heat cooler air molecules until all the heat travels to the top and enters the balloon. In Step 2, cooler air molecules cool off warmer molecules, so that all heat gets out of the balloon.

• In Step 1, the heat causes the air molecules to expand and grow, making them to occupy the balloon and inflating it. In Step 2, air molecules are cooled, so they return to their normal size, and the balloon deflates.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A science class is planning an investigation to explore how well different materials transfer thermal energy. They have access to three materials: metal, wood, and plastic. Which plan would be the most effective way to investigate how these materials transfer thermal energy through conduction?

• Plan 1, because the set-up allows students to observe the transfer of thermal energy through electromagnetic waves.

• Plan 1, because the set-up allows the student to observe how collisions between atoms in the material lead to thermal energy transfer.

• Plan 2, because the set-up allows students to observe the transfer of thermal energy through electromagnetic waves.

• Plan 2, because the set-up allows the student to observe how collisions between atoms in the material lead to thermal energy transfer.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

Cecilia is designing an experiment in class to model convection in magma, and she has created two plans. Which plan would be the most effective way for Cecilia to investigate convection?

• Plan 1, because it allows the student to observe how hot fluid rises and cool fluid sinks which is a key feature of convection.

• Plan 1, because it allows the student to observe how heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves which is a key feature of convection.

• Plan 2, because it allows the student to observe how hot fluid rises and cool fluid sinks which is a key feature of convection.

• Plan 2, because it allows the student to observe how heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves which is a key feature of convection.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Shown is the cooling curve of water. What is the BEST explanation for the process occurring between 15 and 20 minutes for 100g of water?

• During this region, the water transitions from a liquid to a solid as heat energy is released.

• During this region, the water transitions from a solid to a liquid as heat energy is released.

• During this region, the water transitions from a solid to a liquid as heat energy is absorbed.

• During this region, the water transitions from a liquid to a solid as heat energy is absorbed.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

A substance with a high specific heat:

• Is always extremely hot.
• Requires a lot of energy to become hot.
• Is not heavy.
• Does not requires a lot of energy to become hot.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4