Dev Psyche

In Skinnerian conditioning, the word "reinforcement" means:

• The relationship between two stimuli, where the presence of one is contiguous with the presence of the other

• A stimulus that follows the emission of a response which renders the same response less probable in the future

• Reward

• Punishment

• A stimulus that follows the emission of a response which renders the same response more probable in the future

Negative reinforcement means:

• The reward precedes the response

• Punishment

• The cessation of an aversive stimulus contingent upon the participant making a target response

• The reward is not effective in maintaining behavior

• Behaviour is the product of reinforcement history

The behaviourist tradition stresses the imporance of:

• Nurture

• Nature

• Skinner

• Chomsky

• Piaget

A size constancy mechanism helps us to:

• Judge the weight of differently sized objects

• Avoid putting on weight even after eating large numbers of hamburgers

• Appreciate that an object retains its shape even though its shape looks different from different vantage points

• Appreciate that an object's changing appearance as it recedes into the distance as illusory

• Feel empathy for people who are obese

Siegal and Beattie (1991) discovered that children are more likely to give a correct judgement in a test of false belief if the test question includes the phrase

• First of all

• I will give you some chocolate if you answer correctly

• Take your time before answering

• Before we opened the lid

• Stop and think

Wimmer and Perner (1983) devised a test of false belief that involved a story about a boy's quest to find his chocolate. This is known as the:

• Deceptive box test

• Unexpected transfer test

• False memory test

• Perspective-taking test

• State-change test

Which word best describe Piaget's investigations with young children?

• Insightful

• Incompetent

• Useless

• Discredited

• Unethical