Ethics in Research Quiz

What is the definition of deception in research?

• Intentionally misleading participants about the true nature of the study

• Allowing participants to withdraw at any time

• Keeping participant information private

• Ensuring responses cannot be traced back to participants

Answer explanation

Deception in research refers to intentionally misleading participants about the true nature of the study. This is often done to prevent bias and ensure the validity of the results.

Why must deception in research be justified and necessary?

• To ensure participants are aware of the study's purpose

• To prevent harm or distress to participants

• To allow participants to withdraw freely

• To maintain confidentiality

Answer explanation

Deception in research must be justified to prevent harm or distress to participants. It is crucial to ensure that any misleading information does not negatively impact their well-being during the study.

What is the right to withdraw in research ethics?

• Participants can leave the study at any time without penalty

• Participants' information must be kept private

• Responses cannot be traced back to participants

• Participants must be informed of the study's true nature

Answer explanation

The right to withdraw means participants can leave the study at any time without penalty, ensuring their autonomy and comfort throughout the research process.

What can breaches of confidentiality lead to?

• Honest responses

• Embarrassment, harm, or stigma for participants

• Participants withdrawing from the study

• Participants understanding the study's purpose

Answer explanation

Breaches of confidentiality can lead to embarrassment, harm, or stigma for participants, as their private information may be exposed, negatively impacting their well-being and trust in the research process.

Why is anonymity important in research?

• It allows participants to withdraw freely

• It promotes honest responses

• It ensures participants know the study's purpose

• It keeps participant information private

Answer explanation

Anonymity is crucial in research as it promotes honest responses from participants. When individuals feel their identities are protected, they are more likely to share truthful and candid information.

What is a potential consequence of not maintaining anonymity?

• Participants may feel embarrassed

• Participants may not respond honestly

• Participants may withdraw from the study

• Participants may understand the study's purpose

Answer explanation

Not maintaining anonymity can lead participants to feel unsafe sharing their true thoughts, resulting in dishonest responses. This undermines the study's validity, making 'Participants may not respond honestly' the correct consequence.

What is the main ethical concern related to "Protection from Harm" in research?

• Participants should be paid for their time.

• Participants should leave the study in the same or better condition.

• Participants should be given a summary of the study.

• Participants should be allowed to choose their group.

Answer explanation

The main ethical concern of 'Protection from Harm' is ensuring that participants leave the study in the same or better condition. This principle safeguards their well-being and minimizes any potential risks associated with the research.

What must participants be fully informed about according to the "Informed Consent" principle?

• The study's location

• The study's nature, purpose, risks, and benefits

• The study's funding sources

• The study's duration

Answer explanation

According to the "Informed Consent" principle, participants must be fully informed about the study's nature, purpose, risks, and benefits to make an educated decision about their involvement.

What is the purpose of debriefing participants after a study?

• To collect additional data

• To address misconceptions and reduce distress

• To recruit them for future studies

• To provide them with a certificate

Answer explanation

Debriefing participants is essential to clarify any misconceptions they may have about the study and to alleviate any distress caused by their participation, ensuring their well-being and understanding.

What is considered unethical under the "Invasion of Privacy" principle?

• Asking participants personal questions

• Observing or recording participants without their knowledge or consent

• Sharing study results with participants

• Using participants' data for future studies

Answer explanation

Observing or recording participants without their knowledge or consent violates the Invasion of Privacy principle, as it disregards their right to control personal information.