Issues of Civil Liberties in Public Policy

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Why are the 14th and 15th Amendments such important tools needed for the protection of American civil liberties?

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They force all state governments to protect the same citizenship rights already guaranteed at the federal level.

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How did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 transform the role of the federal government in crafting public policy?

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empowered Congress with the ability to directly enforce any civil rights laws being denied by any state or local governments.

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One of the main effects of most immigration policies enacted since the end of World War Two has been...

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significant increase in immigration from Asia and Mexico along with a decrease in immigration from Europe.

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Federal and state policies collectively known as "Affirmative Action" were enforced by the Equal Opportunities Employment Commission for the specific purpose of...

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guaranteeing more job opportunities are extended to racial and ethnic minorities.

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What has been the most effective tool used by the modern American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) to influence public policy?

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challenging unconstitutional laws through the courts to encourage judicial activism.

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The most significant effect of the Supreme Court's ruling in the case of Hernandez V. Texas (1954)

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recognizing Mexican-Americans as a distinct ethnicity that deserves equal protection of the 14th Amendment

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The Supreme Court cases of Lawrence V. Texas (2003) and Obergefell V. Hodges (2015) both contributed to stronger protections of civil rights for...

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the LGBTQ community

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"Special Education" services (SPED) provided by Texas public schools such as IEPs and "inclusion teachers" are practices that are specifically required by the...

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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)