The Muslim World and Africa (Part 1)

Read the passage and use context clues to complete the statement that follows. "Muhammad was troubled by the moral ills of Meccan society, especially greed. He often went to a cave in the hills near Mecca to meditate. According to Muslim belief, when he was about 40 years old he heard the voice of the angel Gabriel calling him to be the messenger of God. Muhammad was terrified and puzzled. How could he, an illiterate merchant, become the messenger of God? [His wife] Khadija encouraged him to accept the call. This passage predicts that...

• Muhammad established the first caliphate.

• Muhammad began to urge Arabs to give up pagan gods and worship the one true God.

• Muhammad won the loyalty of his first converts.

• Muhammad first formulated the Five Pillars.

Select the statement that best analyzes the critical role that the structure shown in the photo plays in Islam.

• Muhammad destroyed the idols at the Kaaba and rededicated it to Allah, making it the holiest place in the newly founded monotheistic religion of Islam.

• Muhammad rededicated the Kaaba to the idol Allah, making it the holiest place in the newly founded polytheistic religion of Islam.

• Muhammad received holy messages from an angel of God at this sacred site, making it the birthplace of the newly founded monotheistic religion of Islam.

• Muhammad dedicated the Kaaba to his military victory at the site over Arab tribes who had opposed his religious messages.

Which answer best categorizes the importance of the items listed in the chart?

• commandments from each of the five books comprising the holy Quran

• duties common to Islam, Judaism, and Christianity

• the fundamental duties comprising the Pillars of Islam

• the most important laws comprising Islamic Sharia

What events caused the decline of the Abbasid dynasty?

• The Abbasids willingly gave up their lands to the Seljuk Turks and the Mongols.

• The Abbasid empire fragmented, and other peoples gained control.

• The invaders from Spain created small kingdoms throughout the former empire.

• The Umayyads and the Abbasids waged a civil war that destroyed the empire.

Some of the characteristics of Muslim art include

• the use of calligraphy, geometric shapes, and an arabesque style.

• the depiction of Muhammad and Mecca to illustrate religious buildings and the Quran.

• the use of oil paintings and mosaics to show Muslims in their daily life.

• the blending of classical and Gothic styles of architecture in mosques.

Which characteristic would be placed under “Shia” in the diagram?

• follows the teachings of Muhammad as told in the Quran

• monotheistic, Abrahamic faith worshiping Allah as one true god

• believe only descendants of Muhammad may lead

• believe any good Muslim can lead

Which list places events in the correct sequence?

• Muhammad dies, Abu Bakr unifies followers, Arab Muslims defeat Byzantines and Persians, Abbasid Caliphate established, Umayyad Caliphate established

• Arab Muslims defeat Byzantines and Persians, Muhammad dies, Abu Bakr unifies followers, Abbasid Caliphate established, Umayyad Caliphate established

• Abu Bakr unifies followers, Muhammad dies, Umayyad Caliphate established, Arab Muslims defeat Byzantines and Persians, Abbasid Caliphate established

• Muhammad dies, Abu Bakr unifies followers, Arab Muslims defeat Byzantines and Persians, Umayyad Caliphate established, Abbasid Caliphate established

Analyze the map and select the statement that provides a valid summary of the data shown.

• The Islamic Empire declined in territory over time, with the least amount of land during the period of the first four caliphates.

• The Islamic Empire continuously grew in territory over time, reaching its height with the Abbasid Caliphate.

• The Islamic Empire grew steadily until it reached its height during the Umayyad Caliphate, then declined in size.

• The Islamic Empire grew steadily until it reached its height during the Abbasid Caliphate, then declined in size.

Based on what you learned about Islam, which statement offers the best analysis of the saying? "I commend the merchants to you, for they are the couriers of the horizon and God’s trusted servants on Earth."—Sayings of the Prophet

• Commerce was an honored profession because Muhammad communicated that it was one of the Five Pillars of the Islamic faith.

• Trade was a forbidden profession because Muhammad believed the spread of commercial goods led to the worship of false idols.

• Commerce was tolerated because it helped spread Islamic ideas to new regions; however, Muhammad did not respect merchants in general.

• Trade was held in high esteem by Muslims because Muhammad was a merchant, and trade helped spread Islam across a wide area spanning several continents.

Given the importance of class divisions in the Ottoman empire, the best hope for the sons of those peoples the Ottomans conquered was to become

• merchants.

• farmers.

• tax collectors.

• janizaries.