Which muscle is located at the anterior upper arm?

• Triceps

• Biceps

• Trapezius

• Pectoralis

Answer explanation

The biceps muscle is located at the anterior (front) part of the upper arm, responsible for flexing the elbow. In contrast, the triceps is located at the posterior (back) side, while the trapezius and pectoralis are in different areas.

What is a long-term respiratory adaptation to low-moderate cardiovascular training?

• Reduced capillaries

• Increased aerobic capacity

• Increased breaths per minute

• Reduced gaseous exchange

Answer explanation

Increased aerobic capacity is a long-term adaptation to low-moderate cardiovascular training, enhancing the body's ability to utilize oxygen efficiently during exercise, unlike the other options which indicate negative changes.

Which of the following is a function of the heart?

• Pump nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues

• Protect the internal organs

• Pump nutrients and deoxygenated blood to the body tissues

• Produce red blood cells

Answer explanation

The heart's primary function is to pump nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues, ensuring they receive the necessary substances for metabolism and energy. The other options do not accurately describe the heart's role.

Which of the following is a function of the lungs?

• To pump oxygen to the working muscles

• To remove carbon dioxide from the body

• To remove lactic acid from the body

• To pump carbon dioxide to the working muscles

Answer explanation

The primary function of the lungs is to remove carbon dioxide from the body, a waste product of metabolism, while facilitating the intake of oxygen. The other options do not accurately describe lung functions.

Which of the following is a characteristic of involuntary muscle?

• It is smooth

• It is striated

• It contracts voluntarily

• It contracts isokinetically

Answer explanation

Involuntary muscles are smooth muscles, which means they are not striated like voluntary muscles. They contract automatically and are found in organs like the intestines and blood vessels.

Why is maintaining adequate hydration levels important in digestion?

• Water contains digestive enzymes

• Removes bacteria from the gut

• Detoxifies harmful substances

• Helps to facilitate the passing of waste

Answer explanation

Maintaining adequate hydration is crucial for digestion as it helps to facilitate the passing of waste. Sufficient water intake ensures that stool remains soft and easy to eliminate, preventing constipation and promoting overall digestive health.

Which of the following is a long-term benefit of exercise on the skeletal system?

• Increased muscle temperature

• Increased joint stability

• Increased secretion of synovial fluid

• Increased stroke volume

Answer explanation

Increased joint stability is a long-term benefit of exercise on the skeletal system, as regular physical activity strengthens the muscles and ligaments around joints, enhancing their support and reducing the risk of injury.

Which of the following bones form part of the axial skeleton?

• Humerus

• Carpals

• Scapula

• Ribs

Answer explanation

The ribs are part of the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. The humerus, carpals, and scapula are part of the appendicular skeleton, which supports the limbs.

What are myosin and actin?

• Connective tissue

• Muscle fibres

• Fasciculi

• Myofilaments

Answer explanation

Myosin and actin are proteins that form myofilaments, which are essential components of muscle fibers. They interact to enable muscle contraction, making 'myofilaments' the correct choice.

How long does it take for food to work its way through the small intestine?

• Up to 1 hour

• 1-5 hours

• 6-10 hours

• 11-15 hours

Answer explanation

Food typically takes 1-5 hours to pass through the small intestine, where most digestion and nutrient absorption occurs. This timeframe allows for effective processing of the food consumed.