Understanding Buffer Solutions

Front

What is a buffer solution?

Back

A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

Front

How does a buffer solution maintain pH?

Back

A buffer solution maintains pH by using a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid) to neutralize added acids or bases.

Front

What happens to the pH of a buffer solution when a small amount of acid is added?

Back

The pH remains roughly the same.

Front

Why is the equilibrium of a weak acid in a buffer solution mostly towards the left-hand side?

Back

Because it partially dissociates.

Front

What is the role of a buffer solution?

Back

To resist changes in pH when acids or alkalis are added.

Front

What is buffer capacity?

Back

Buffer capacity is the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH upon the addition of an acid or base.

Front

What happens when the buffer capacity is overwhelmed?

Back

When the buffer capacity is overwhelmed, the pH of the solution changes significantly.

Front

What is the effect of adding a strong acid to a buffer solution?

Back

A strong acid can lower the pH of the buffer solution if added in large amounts, overwhelming its capacity.

Front

What is the effect of adding a strong base to a buffer solution?

Back

A strong base can raise the pH of the buffer solution if added in large amounts, overwhelming its capacity.

Front

What is the significance of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

Back

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a buffer solution to the concentration of the acid and its conjugate base.