Biology ACP Practice Exam

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What are viruses?

Back

Viruses are microscopic infectious agents that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism. They are not considered living organisms because they cannot carry out metabolic processes on their own.

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What is transcription in biology?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA then carries the information to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What determines the specialization of a stem cell?

Back

The specialization of a stem cell is determined by the genes that are expressed during its differentiation process.

Front

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and organelles.

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What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy (ATP) to do so.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins by carrying the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids.

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and structural support while maintaining homeostasis.

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What is differentiation in biology?

Back

Differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type, often involving changes in gene expression.

Front

What is passive transport?

Back

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically occurring along the concentration gradient.