Operant Conditioning AQA A-level PE

Actions are repeated if they are rewarded.

Actions are repeated if they are ignored.

Actions are repeated if they are punished.

Actions are repeated if they are observed.

Reinforcement

Punishment

Observation

Imitation

Pavlov

Skinner

Freud

Watson

Based on trial-and-error learning

Shapes behavior using reinforcement

Manipulates the environment

Involves observational learning

Annoyer

Satisfier

Reinforcer

Punisher

A negative stimulus after the correct response

A pleasant stimulus after the correct response

Ignoring the correct response

Criticizing the incorrect response

Adding a pleasant stimulus after a correct response

Taking away an unpleasant stimulus after a correct response

Giving a reward for good behavior

Punishing incorrect actions

To encourage correct actions by adding a pleasant stimulus

To prevent incorrect actions by giving an unpleasant stimulus

To increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated

To reward a player for good performance

When the player performs the skill incorrectly

When the player shows no improvement

When the player begins to perform the skill correctly

When the player asks for feedback

Strengthening a link between a stimulus and a response

Learning through observation

Memorizing facts

Imitating others