Exploring Biochemistry Concepts

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

• Enzymes are not involved in biochemical reactions at all.

• Enzymes slow down biochemical reactions by increasing activation energy.

• Enzymes speed up biochemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

• Enzymes convert energy into heat during biochemical reactions.

Define catalysis and its importance in metabolism.

• Catalysis is the acceleration of chemical reactions by catalysts, essential in metabolism for enabling life-sustaining biochemical processes.

• Metabolism refers to the breakdown of catalysts in the body.

• Catalysts are only used in industrial processes, not in metabolism.

• Catalysis is the process of slowing down chemical reactions.

What are the main components of metabolic pathways?

• Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins

• Hormones, neurotransmitters, minerals, and water

• Cell membranes, organelles, cytoplasm, and nucleus

• Substrates, enzymes, products, and co-factors

Explain the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways.

• Anabolic pathways occur in the mitochondria, while catabolic pathways occur in the nucleus.

• Anabolic pathways release energy while catabolic pathways build molecules.

• Anabolic pathways are involved in digestion, while catabolic pathways are for growth.

• Anabolic pathways build molecules and require energy; catabolic pathways break down molecules and release energy.

Describe the structure of nucleic acids.

• Nucleic acids consist of fatty acids and glycerol.

• Nucleic acids are simple sugars linked by glycosidic bonds.

• Nucleic acids are made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

• Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides, consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base, linked by phosphodiester bonds.

What are the four main types of nucleotides?

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Alanine

• Uracil, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

• Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Serine

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

How do proteins differ from amino acids in structure?

• Proteins are simple molecules, while amino acids are complex structures.

• Proteins are made of nucleotides, while amino acids are made of sugars.

• Amino acids are complex structures made of protein chains.

• Proteins are complex structures made of amino acid chains, while amino acids are simple molecules with a basic structure.

What is the primary structure of a protein?

• The three-dimensional shape of a protein.

• The total number of protein molecules in a cell.

• The arrangement of secondary structures in a protein.

• The unique sequence of amino acids in a protein.

List the functions of lipids in biological membranes.

• Protein synthesis

• DNA replication

• Functions of lipids in biological membranes include structural support, fluidity, barrier protection, cell signaling, and protein attachment.

• Energy storage

What are the key characteristics of phospholipids?

• Phospholipids have a hydrophobic head and one hydrophilic tail.

• Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head, two hydrophobic tails, and form bilayers in aqueous environments.

• Phospholipids are only found in solid form at room temperature.

• Phospholipids do not interact with water and remain separate from it.