Water is known as a universal biological solvent because...

it is polar and can dissolve both negative and positive ions.

it is non-polar and cannot dissolve ions.

it is cohesive and can form droplets.

it dissolves every substance on Earth.

Which of the following is TRUE about acids and bases?

The pH scale ranges from 0-14, with acids ranging from 0-7 and bases ranging from 7-14.

Acids produce more H+ ions in water.

Bases produce more OH- ions in water.

single units of larger molecules linked together

Which property of water is most responsible for plants being able to transport water from their roots to their leaves?

the attraction between molecules

a capacity to dissolve many substances

the ability to form a low-density crystalline structure when frozen

a capacity to absorb large amounts of energy as temperature increases

Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids?

Monomers are linked to form a polymer.

Atoms are linked to form a compound.

Atoms are added to a monomer until it becomes a polymer.

Molecules are added to a compound until it becomes a monomer

Which statement best compares a carbohydrate and a nucleic acid?

The bonds in a carbohydrate store energy, and the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid stores genetic information.

The sequence of monomers in a carbohydrate stores genetic information, and the bonds in a nucleic acid store energy.

A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions.

A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane.

Each cell in the human body contains thousands of different enzymes responsible for regulating reactions within the cell. Which statement explains why a single enzyme is unable to regulate a variety of reactions?

The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific.

The binding of a product and an enzyme is specific.

The enzyme is consumed by the products of the reactions

The enzyme is consumed by the substrates of the reactions.

Trees are typically able to transport water from their roots to their stems and leaves. Which statement describes the property of water that most supports the transportation of water to all parts of a tree?

Water has strong attractions to itself and many other molecules.

Water forms a crystalline structure when it freezes.

Water dissolves fewer substances than any other liquid.

Water can absorb large amounts of energy with minimal temperature changes.

Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids?

Monomers are linked to form a polymer.

Atoms are linked to form a compound.

Atoms are added to a monomer until it becomes a polymer.

Molecules are added to a compound until it becomes a monomer

Which biological molecules are most likely represented by molecules 1 and 2?

molecule 1: lipid molecule 2: nucleic acid

molecule 1: lipid molecule 2: protein

molecule 1: carbohydrate molecule 2: nucleic acid

molecule 1: carbohydrate molecule 2: protein

Which statement best describes a relationship between enzymes and a simple biological reaction?

A reaction rate can be increased when the specific enzyme for a biological reaction is present.

Enzymes will increase the amount of substrate formed during a biological reaction.

Enzymes will decrease the amount of substrate formed during a biological reaction.

A reaction rate can be decreased when multiple enzymes for a biological reaction are present.

Microbes in the digestive system break down food, which allows nutrients to be absorbed by the body’s cells. How will these body cells most likely be affected if an individual suffers from a high fever?

The body cells will bring in fewer nutrient molecules because the transport proteins lose their proper shape due to the high temperature.

The body cells will swell because an increase in temperature promotes greater water absorption.

The body cells will stop absorbing nutrients because the heat melts the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.

The body cells will shrivel because the heat eliminates the chemical gradients on either side of the plasma membrane.

Which characteristic allows carbon atoms to form chains and rings with other carbon atoms?

Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe.

Carbon is a structural part of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Cellulose is a carbohydrate and a polymer of glucose. Which statement best describes how cellulose is formed within living organisms?

It is constructed by connecting smaller monomer subunits

It is assembled by bonding individual atoms.

It is the product of the decomposition of a much larger molecule.

It is the result of a physical change that alters the shape of a compound.

Many plants have a waxy coating on their leaves. Which statement describes the most likely structure and function of the waxy coating?

The waxy coating is a lipid that can help prevent excess water loss in dry environments.

The waxy coating is a protein that can help attract other organisms for pollination

The waxy coating is a protein that can help release waste molecules during transpiration.

The waxy coating is a lipid that can help absorb more sunlight in hot environments.

The enzyme pepsin is found in the stomach. Which medicine is most likely to directly interfere with pepsin’s function?

a medicine that blocks neural impulses

a medicine that prevents clotting

a medicine that lowers cholesterol levels

Carbon can combine with many different elements but frequently combines with oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen to form organic molecules. Which statement best explains why carbon is able to form a large number of different molecules?

Carbon can form four covalent bonds

Carbon can form only ring structures.

Carbon forms small, simple structures.

Which statement correctly describes how a protein is formed?

Amino acids are bonded together in a long chain to form a new molecule.

A monosaccharide bonded to a side chain is broken apart.

A molecule containing glycerol bonded to three fatty acids is broken apart.

A nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group combine to form a new molecule.

Which action must occur for an enzyme to catalyze a chemical reaction?

A substrate must bind to an active site of the enzyme.

A competitive inhibitor must first bind to an active site.

A substrate must bind to an allosteric site of the enzyme.

A noncompetitive inhibitor must first bind to an active site.

Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids in the digestive system of humans. It functions best at a pH range of 4.0 to 5.0. When a person takes an antacid tablet to relieve heartburn, the antacid increases the pH to around 7 in certain areas of the digestive system. Which initial effect would most likely be caused by a change in pH?

Fewer lipids would be digested.

The production of lipase molecules would increase.

The production of lipase molecules would decrease.

The diagram models how a poison bonds to the active site of an enzyme. Which function is the enzyme most likely unable to perform because of the attachment of the poison molecule?

the catalysis of the reaction with the substrate

the release of stored chemical energy

the donation of electrons to the substrate

the supply of activation energy for a reaction

The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes at different temperatures. Which statement best describes what happens to the enzyme when the temperature of the reaction increases to 63°C?

The enzyme changes shape and can no longer speed up the reaction.

The enzyme is used up and the reaction stops.

The enzyme begins to decrease the rate of the reaction.

The enzyme continues to increase the rate of the reaction.

Life Chemistry Review

Authored by Charles Martinez

Biology

9th - 10th Grade

NGSS covered

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40 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the subatomic particles are found in orbitals that surround the nucleus?

protons

neutrons

electrons

isotopes

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The yellow particles represented here are the:

neutrons

electrons

protons

nucleus

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Formed when electrons are shared between atoms:

polar bond

ionic bond

hydrogen bond

covalent bond

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

When an atom gains or loses an electron, it becomes a charged particle called a/an:

ion

polar molecule

positive atom

negative atom

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which property allows water molecules to "stick" to themselves?

adhesion

cohesion

polarity

surface tension

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Water has a high____, meaning it takes a great deal of energy to raise the temperature of water.

surface tension

polarity

solubility

heat capacity

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Molecules (like water) that have an uneven distribution of charges are known as _____.

polar

ions

solvents

non-polar

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

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Life Chemistry Review

Which of the subatomic particles are found in orbitals that surround the nucleus?

The yellow particles represented here are the:

Formed when electrons are shared between atoms:

When an atom gains or loses an electron, it becomes a charged particle called a/an:

Which property allows water molecules to "stick" to themselves?

Water has a high____, meaning it takes a great deal of energy to raise the temperature of water.

Molecules (like water) that have an uneven distribution of charges are known as _____.

Water is known as a universal biological solvent because...

Which of the following is TRUE about acids and bases?

Solutions that prevent a drastic change in pH are called:

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