Elements of Life

What type of bond is displayed in the picture?

• ionic bond

• covalent bond

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

The basic building blocks of matter

• atoms

• elements

• molecules

• organisms

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

How many valence electrons does Carbon have?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Answer explanation

Valence electrons are the electrons found in the outermost energy level. The first energy level can hold 2 electrons and the second energy level can hold 8 electrons. If you look at the periodic table, carbon has 6 electrons. There are 2 in the first level leaving 4 for the outermost energy level.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

What type of bond does Carbon make other atoms?

• Covalent

• Hydrogen

• Ionic

• Van der Waals

Answer explanation

Carbon has four valence electrons (so it is equidistant from a complete valence shell). Due to this, carbon will share its valence electrons. Sharing valence electrons is due to covalent bonding.

Where is the nitrogen in nucleic acids and proteins?

Answer explanation

Nucleic acids’ monomer (nucleotide) have nitrogenous bases containing nitrogen.

Proteins’ monomer (amino acid) have the functional group of an amino.

A macromolecule is found to have C, H, O, N, and S. Identify?

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Nucleic Acid

• Protein

Answer explanation

All of the macromolecules have carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). Nitrogen is found in proteins and nucleic acids. Sulfur is found in the R group of some amino acids. Proteins are the only macromolecule with C, H, O, N, and S.

Where is the Nitrogen in nucleic acids?

Answer explanation

The Nitrogen is in the nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G, U) that branch from the pentose sugar in each nucleotide (specifically the 1' BUT THAT’S NOT IMPORTANT)

Which of the following macromolecules include nitrogen?

• Carbohydrates & Lipids

• Lipids & Nucleic Acids

• Nucleic Acids & Proteins

• Proteins & Carbohydrates

Answer explanation

Nitrogen is

› found in the amine group of amino acids (which is protein’s monomer)

› found in the nitrogenous base of nucleotides (which is nucleic acid’s monomer)

Which element is most abundant in the human body by mass?

• A) Oxygen

• B) Carbon

• C) Hydrogen

• D) Nitrogen

What is the primary role of nitrogen in living organisms?

• A) Energy storage

• B) Structural component of cell membranes

• C) Building block of proteins and nucleic acids

• D) Catalyst in metabolic reactions

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6