Biology Final Exam

Sodium and potassium are necessary electrolytes. As a result, the human body uses a great deal of energy keeping these electrolytes in balance. Explain why the body needs to use energy for this process.

• ATP is required to release potassium ions outside the cell.

• ATP is required to allow entry of sodium ions inside the cell.

• ATP is required to allow entry of potassium and sodium ions inside the cell.

• ATP is required to move sodium ions against their concentration gradient outside the cell.

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A reaction in which a water molecule is added to a large molecule in order to break it into multiple smaller molecules. Which type of reaction is described above?

• hydrolysis

• enzyme reaction

• catalysis

• dehydration synthesis

A lack of protein in the diet can cause hair loss. Which of the following statements explains why this occurs?

• Due to lack of protein in the diet, energy will be lost, leading to hair loss.

• Due to lack of protein in the diet, our body will not be able to form other proteins; it will conserve the protein it has for critical use, leading to hair loss.

• Lack of protein in the diet can weaken the immune system, leading to hair loss.

• Lack of protein in the diet will lead to breakage of disulfide bonds between proteins, leading to hair loss.

Which of the following would most likely qualify as a macromolecule?

• DNA

• RNA

• Protein

• All of the above

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This graph above shows the body temperature of an animal in various hours of the day. What can be said about this animal?

• The animal keeps its body temperature relatively constant.

• The animal is most active during the morning hours.

• The animal is more active when its body temperature is above 30°C.

• The animal is active at night.

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Starch is a molecule that stores energy. When energy is needed, the starch molecules can be broken down quickly. This chemical reaction produces which of the following?

• Monosaccharides

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Amino acid chains

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What phase of mitosis?

• anaphase

• prophse

• metaphase

• cytokinesis

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What phase of mitosis?

• anaphase

• interphase

• prophase

• cytokinesis

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What does this depict?

• meiosis

• mitosis

• apoptosis

• cell function

The rungs on the DNA ladder are made of

• sugar

• phosphate

• nitrogen bases

• deoxyribose