Thermal Energy and States of Matter

Melissa has a beaker of water. She adds heat energy to the water by placing the beaker over the flame of a Bunsen burner. What happens to the motion of the water particles as Melissa adds heat energy to the water?

• The water particles stop moving.

• The water particles move slower.

• The water particles move faster.

• The motion of the water particles does not change.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

The arrows in the image below represent the processes that occur as water goes through phase changes. How is water different after changing from a gas to a liquid through process 2?

• The water takes up more space.

• The water is warmer.

• The water particles move slower.

• The water particles are spread farther apart.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Nitrogen has a melting point of -210.0°C and a boiling point of -195.8°C. A sample of nitrogen is heated from -215.0°C to -200.0°C. Which of the following best describes what happens to the nitrogen atoms during this transition?

• They gain so much energy that the attractive forces between them have no effect on their motion.

• They gain enough energy to move relative to one another.

• They lose enough energy to be held in a permanent location.

• The attractive forces between them decrease, allowing the atoms to move relative to one another.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Which picture most likely shows particles that are in a solid state?

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Which of the following depend(s) on the kinetic energies of an object's particles?

• both temperature and thermal energy

• thermal energy but not temperature

• temperature but not thermal energy

• neither temperature nor thermal energy

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Bob adds heat to a liquid substance. When enough heat is added,

• its particles move farther apart and the substance becomes a solid.

• its particles move closer together and the substance becomes a solid.

• its particles move farther apart and the substance becomes a gas.

• its particles move closer together and the substance becomes a gas.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

When matter is heated, particles within the matter will

• produce sounds.

• change colors.

• change into different types of particles.

• speed up.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Heat is defined as

• the sum total of all the kinetic energy of the particles within an object.

• the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up an object.

• the amount of thermal energy transferred from one object to another.

• the energy stored in an object due to the position of its particles.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

Which of these glasses has more THERMAL ENERGY?

• Glass A

• Glass B

• They have the same thermal energy.

• Neither has thermal energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is called:

• heat

• temperature

• motion

• momentum

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3