IB ESS Unit 2

How do lichens contribute to primary succession?

• Lichens decompose organic matter from animals and plants

• Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil

• Lichens are nitrogen fixing bacteria

• Lichens convert carbohydrates into fossil fuels.

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After a forest fire, an ecosystem would start regrowth through -

• primary succession

• secondary succession

• climax community

• limiting factors

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Which catastrophic event will most likely have the effect of returning an ecosystem to primary succession?

• A tornado

• A volcanic eruption

• A flood

• A drought

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Which of the following best describes primary succession?

• Volcano wipes out ecosystem that gradually grows back from ash covered soil

• Volcano creates a new island of rock that must break down to form an ecosystem

• Forest fire burns down forest that must bounce back over time

• Tornado destroys a crop that must slowly grow back over time.

What best describes the term succession?

• rapid changes that create an ecosystem overnight

• gradual changes over time to fully create or restore and ecosystem

• forest with the tallest trees

• the rate species produce offspring

Why do grasses appear before shrubs in ecological succession?

• loosen the dirt for new trees to take roots?

• provide food for animals returning to the area

• require plenty of sunlight to make their own food

• can grow even in areas with shallow soil

A system made up of organisms interacting with one another

• biology

• society

• ecosystem

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The non-living parts of an ecosystem, such as water, sun, & oxygen are called 

• habitat

• abiotic factors

• biotic factors

• ecology

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Autotrophs are organisms that

• rely on other organisms for their energy & food supply.

• consume plant & animal remains and other dead matter.

• use energy they take in from the environment to convert inorganic molecules to organic molecules.

• obtain energy by eating only plants.

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Why are decomposers necessary?

• Because we compose too much...

• To take basic materials and make them more complex...

• To take complex materials and break them down to basic stuff...

• So demusic can be really good...

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