What is the name of the process by which plants form carbohydrates?

• Photosynthesis

• Gluconeogenesis

• Glycolysis

• Lipolysis

• None of these is correct.

Which of the following is true of dietary fiber?

• It is either soluble or insoluble.

• It does not provide the body with calories.

• It helps speed the passage of food through the intestines.

• Some types may help lower cholesterol in humans.

• All of these are correct.

During competition lasting longer than 60 minutes, which of the following would be an appropriate recommendation regarding carbohydrates?

• Consume carbohydrates only in the form of sports beverages.

• Consume carbohydrates in the form of fruit.

• Consume carbohydrates at a rate of about 30–60 grams per hour.

• Consume fewer carbohydrates and more fats as the race progresses.

• None of these is correct.

Which of the following statements best defines “starch”?

• It is a type of monosaccharide found in the muscles of animals.

• It is a type of polysaccharide found in the cells of plants.

• It is a sugar molecule that is composed primarily of fructose.

• It is an animal polysaccharide that is used for energy during exercise.

• None of these is correct.

Which of the following is an artificial sweetener?

• Galactose

• Aspartame

• Sucrose

• Amylase

• None of these is correct.

Why is soluble fiber an important part of a healthy diet?

• It decreases cholesterol levels in the body, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

• It slows the movement of food through the intestines, thus making digestion more efficient.

• It tends to increase appetite in those who need to eat more calories.

• It slows the movement of food through the intestines, thus making digestion more efficient, and it tends to increase appetite in those who need to eat more calories.

• None of these is correct.

To help accelerate recovery, how much carbohydrate should be consumed in the 4 hours immediately after exercise?

• Approximately 1.0–1.2 grams per kilogram of body weight every hour

• Approximately 1.2–2 grams per kilogram of body weight every 2 hours

• Approximately 2.5–3 grams per kilogram of body weight every hour

• Approximately 10 grams per kilogram of body weight for the entire 4 hours

• None of these is correct.

Which of the following is an appropriate recommendation regarding foods eaten within 4 hours of the start of competition?

• The foods should be familiar to the athlete.

• The foods should consist primarily of high-quality protein.

• The foods should contain moderate amounts of saturated or trans fats to satiate appetite.

• A focus should be placed on high-fiber foods such as nuts, beans, fruits, and vegetables.

• Food should not be eaten at this time because it is too close to game time.

What does the acronym GRAS stand for?

• Gross Recommended Average Standard

• Granted Research Approval Status

• Generally Recognized as Safe

• Generally Recommended as Satisfactory

• None of these is correct.

How does the amount of energy stored in carbohydrates compare to that stored as body fat?

• There is about the same amount of energy stored in carbohydrates compared to body fat.

• As much as 90,000 kcals are stored in the form of carbohydrates compared to only 1,600 kcals in the form of fat.

• Less energy is stored in the form of carbohydrates compared to body fat.

• There is twice as much energy stored in the form of carbohydrates compared to body fat.

• Energy in the form of carbohydrates is not stored in the body.