FAURILLO_3_Physical Science

Which statement best explains why elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties?

• They have the same number of protons.

• They have the same number of valence electrons.

• They have the same atomic mass.

• They have the same number of neutrons.

How does the atomic radius change as you move across a period from left to right?

• It increases due to added electron shells.

• It remains the same due to shielding effect.

• It decreases due to increased nuclear charge.

• It fluctuates randomly due to electron repulsion.

Ionization energy tends to increase across a period. What is the best explanation for this trend?

• The number of electron shells increases.

• The nuclear charge increases, pulling electrons more strongly.

• Electrons are farther from the nucleus, making them easier to remove.

• The atomic mass increases, making electrons more difficult to remove.

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

• Transfer of electrons from one atom to another

• Sharing of electrons between atoms

• Attraction between positive and negative ions

• Formation of a metallic lattice

Why do metals conduct electricity?

• They contain free-moving valence electrons.

• Their atoms share electrons in a covalent network.

• They form ionic bonds with surrounding atoms.

• They contain tightly bound electrons that resist movement.

Why does increasing the temperature of a gas increase its pressure in a closed container?

• Gas molecules move faster and collide more frequently.

• Gas molecules increase in size.

• The gas molecules condense into a liquid.

• The number of gas molecules increases.

What happens to the entropy of a system when ice melts into liquid water?

• It decreases because the molecules become more ordered.

• It remains the same because energy is conserved.

• It increases because the molecules become more disordered.

• It fluctuates unpredictably due to phase change.

A ball is thrown straight up into the air. What is the ball's acceleration at the highest point?

• 0 m/s²

• 9.8 m/s² downward

• 9.8 m/s² upward

• Dependent on the initial velocity

Why does an astronaut float inside the International Space Station?

• There is no gravity in space.

• The astronaut has no weight.

• The astronaut and the space station are in free fall.

• The space station cancels out Earth's gravitational force.

A car suddenly stops, and a passenger without a seatbelt moves forward. Which law of motion explains this?

• Newton's First Law (Inertia)

• Newton's Second Law (F = ma)

• Newton's Third Law (Action-Reaction)

• Law of Universal Gravitation