A-Level Law: Actus Reus, Mens Rea, Negligence

What is the actus reus of a crime?

• The mental element of a crime

• The physical element of a crime

• The motive behind committing a crime

• The punishment for committing a crime

Which of the following is an example of an omission leading to criminal liability?

• A bystander ignoring a drowning child

• A lifeguard failing to save a drowning person while on duty

• A person walking past a fire without calling for help

• A driver witnessing an accident and not stopping

Which case established that a duty to act can arise from a contractual duty?

• R v Gibbons and Proctor (1918)

• R v Pittwood (1902)

• R v Stone and Dobinson (1977)

• R v Miller (1983)

Which of the following is NOT an example of a causation issue in actus reus?

• Factual causation

• Legal causation

• Novus actus interveniens

• Coincidence of actus reus and mens rea

What test is used to establish factual causation in criminal law?

• The 'but for' test

• The 'reasonableness' test

• The 'negligence' test

• The 'fairness' test

Which of the following is the highest level of mens rea?

• Negligence

• Recklessness

• Intention

• Strict liability

Which case confirmed the test for direct intention?

• R v Cunningham (1957)

• R v Woollin (1998)

• R v Mohan (1975)

• R v Latimer (1886)

What is the main difference between direct and oblique intent?

• Direct intent involves planning, while oblique intent is accidental

• Direct intent involves a direct aim, while oblique intent is a virtually certain consequence of an act

• Oblique intent is always used in negligence cases

• Oblique intent only applies to strict liability offences

Which case established the modern test for recklessness?

• R v Cunningham (1957)

• R v G and R (2003)

• R v Woollin (1998)

• R v Smith (1959)

Which of the following is an example of transferred malice?

• A person intends to punch X but accidentally hits Y instead

• A person intends to punch X but misses completely

• A person intends to cause damage to property but causes no harm

• A person accidentally causes harm but had no criminal intention