Vocabulary 3.4 Cognitive Development Across the Lifespan, 3.5 Co

accommodation

• The process of ignoring new information that contradicts existing schemas.

• The process of modifying existing cognitive schemas or creating new ones to incorporate new information.

• The ability to recall information from memory without any cues.

• The process of learning through observation and imitation.

sensorimotor stage

• the first stage of cognitive development in Jean Piaget's theory, occurring from birth to about 2 years old, characterized by the infant's exploration of the world through sensory experiences and motor actions.

• a phase in cognitive development where children begin to think logically about concrete events.

• the stage where children develop the ability to think abstractly and reason logically.

• the final stage of cognitive development, focusing on the ability to understand complex concepts and moral reasoning.

scaffold

• A type of construction material used in building

• The support or guidance provided to learners to help them acquire new skills or knowledge, gradually reducing as the learner becomes more competent.

• A framework for organizing a project

• A method of teaching that involves direct instruction

Fluid Intelligence

• The ability to memorize information quickly and accurately.

• The capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge.

• The skill to perform tasks that require physical coordination and dexterity.

• The knowledge gained through experience and education.

schema

• a type of computer program

• a mental framework or organized pattern of thought that helps individuals interpret and understand information about the world.

• a physical structure or building

• a method of data storage in databases

concrete operational stage

• A stage in Piaget's theory occurring from birth to 2 years old.

• A stage in Piaget's theory occurring from 2 to 7 years old.

• A stage in Piaget's theory occurring from 7 to 11 years old, characterized by logical thinking about concrete events.

• A stage in Piaget's theory occurring from 11 years old and up, characterized by abstract thinking.

Crystallized Intelligence

• The ability to use learned knowledge and experience.

• The ability to solve new problems without prior knowledge.

• The ability to adapt to new situations quickly.

• The ability to memorize information without understanding.

preoperational stage

• A stage in Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development occurring from about 2 to 7 years old, characterized by symbolic thought, egocentrism, and the use of language and imagination.

• A stage in cognitive development where children can perform operations mentally rather than physically.

• A stage where children begin to understand the concept of conservation and reversibility.

• A stage characterized by the ability to think abstractly and logically.

telegraphic speech

• A stage of language development where children use complex sentences with full grammar.

• A stage of language development in which young children speak using short, simple sentences that mainly consist of nouns and verbs, omitting articles, prepositions, and other grammatical elements.

• A method of teaching language through telecommunication devices.

• A form of speech used by adults in formal settings.

Semantics

• The study of sentence structure and grammar.

• The meaning of words and sentences; the aspect of language concerned with meaning.

• The sound system of a language.

• The use of language in social contexts.