Oceans and Coastal Margins 3 - Managing Coastal Margins

What is the coastal management strategy 'Managed Retreat'?

• Increasing human activities in vulnerable coastal zones

• Reinforcing coastal areas to prevent erosion

• Allowing the shoreline to move inland, instead of attempting to hold the line with structural engineering

• A strategy that promotes building more coastal infrastructure

What is the type of engineering that works with nature to protect the coastline, rather than trying to stop natural processes?

(a)  

What is 'cliff line stabilisation'?

• A method for increasing cliff height
• A technique for enhancing coastal tourism
• A process for creating artificial cliffs
• Increasing the stability of the slope (e.g. revegetation) to reduce the effects of erosion at the base of the cliffs

Distinguish between gabion boxes and rock armour.

• Gabions are filled with sand; rock armour consists of gravel.
• Gabions are wire mesh containers filled with rocks; rock armour consists of large boulders for erosion protection.
• Gabions are used for landscaping; rock armour is used for building foundations.
• Gabions are made of concrete blocks; rock armour is made of small stones.

What is the benefit of a sea wall being recurved?

• It serves as a recreational area for beachgoers.
• It increases the height of the wall for better visibility.
• It allows for more marine life to thrive near the shore.
• It effectively redirects wave energy, reducing erosion and protecting coastal areas.

What is 'beach nourishment'?

• A method of creating artificial reefs using rocks.
• A technique for planting vegetation on coastal cliffs.
• A process of removing sand from beaches to prevent flooding.
• The process of adding sand to a beach to restore its width and combat erosion.

Conflicting land-use pressure on coastlines do NOT involve which stakeholder?

• Tourists
• Sailors

• Industry owners

• Homeowners

Conservationists are NOT at all concerned about which land-use pressure?

• Loss of animal habitats

• Loss of species diversity

• Lack of affordable housing

• Saltwater intrusion and water pollution

The zonal management strategy used to remove planning permission from any coastal development is called ' (a)   -lining'.

Which of the following ecological services is NOT provided by mangrove swamps?

• Allows sediment to flow through

• Access to fuelwood

• Provides a nursery for many fish species

• Protection from tropical storms