Article: History of Life (ck12)

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"Article: History of Life (ck12)"

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The diagram titled 'History of Earth in a Day' represents:

• The entire history of Earth compressed into a 24-hour timeline.

• The history of human civilization in any one day.

• The geological changes of Earth over millions of years.

• The daily rotation of Earth.

Fill in the blank: Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the ______.

• past

• future

• present

• ocean

How must remains be covered to be preserved as fossils? Fill in the blank: Remains must be covered quickly by ________ or preserved in some other way.

• sediment

• water

• melting ice

• sand

What are two ways fossils can be dated?

• Radiometric dating and relative dating

• Carbon dating and thermoluminescence

• Stratigraphy and dendrochronology

• Paleomagnetism and amino acid dating

What does relative dating determine?

• The exact age of a fossil in years

• Which of two fossils is older or younger

• The amount of carbon-14 in a fossil

• The radioactive element in a fossil

The table shows how similar the DNA sequences of several animal species is to human DNA.

Scientists understand that the more DNA sequences that organisms share in common, the closer their evolutionary relationship. A closer evolutionary relationship means that they share a more recent common ancestor than when compared with a species that has less DNA sequences in common.

Based on these data, which organism do you think shared the most recent common ancestor with humans?

• A) Chimpanzee

• B) Mouse

• C) Chicken

• D) Fruit Fly

Molecular clocks estimate the time in geologic history when related species diverged from a common ancestor. Molecular clocks are based on the assumption that mutations accumulate through time at a steady average rate for a given region of ____.

• DNA

• RNA

• Protein

• Cell

Geologic Time Scale. The geologic time scale divides Earth’s history into units that reflect major changes in Earth and its life forms. During which eon did Earth form? What is the present era?

• Earth formed during the Hadean eon and the present era is the Cenozoic.

• Earth formed during the Archean eon and the present era is the Mesozoic.

• Earth formed during the Proterozoic eon and the present era is the Paleozoic.

• Earth formed during the Phanerozoic eon and the present era is the Precambrian.

Fossils are:

• remains or impressions of prehistoric organisms preserved in rock

• a type of rock

• a type of mineral

• a type of plant