Understanding the Integumentary System

Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels and nerves?

• Epidermis

• Dermis

• Hypodermis

• Stratum corneum

Answer explanation

The dermis is the layer of skin that contains blood vessels and nerves, providing support and nourishment to the skin. The epidermis is the outer layer, while the hypodermis is deeper and primarily composed of fat.

What is the main function of sweat glands in the skin?

• Producing oil

• Regulating body temperature

• Producing melanin

• Storing fat

Answer explanation

The main function of sweat glands is regulating body temperature. They produce sweat, which cools the body through evaporation, helping to maintain a stable internal temperature during heat or physical activity.

What is the "rule of nines" used for?

• Estimating the depth of a burn

• Estimating the surface area affected by a burn

• Estimating the pain level of a burn

• Estimating the healing time of a burn

Answer explanation

The "rule of nines" is a method used to estimate the surface area affected by a burn. It divides the body into sections, each representing approximately 9% of total body surface area, aiding in burn assessment and treatment.

What is the primary component of the epidermis?

• Collagen

• Keratin

• Elastin

• Melanin

Answer explanation

The primary component of the epidermis is keratin, a protein that provides structure and protection. Collagen and elastin are found in the dermis, while melanin is responsible for skin pigmentation.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

• Temperature regulation

• Sensation

• Vitamin D synthesis

• Oxygen transport

Answer explanation

The skin functions in temperature regulation, sensation, and vitamin D synthesis. However, it does not transport oxygen, which is primarily the role of the circulatory system. Therefore, oxygen transport is NOT a function of the skin.

What is the primary function of the skin?

• Digestion

• Protection

• Respiration

• Circulation

Answer explanation

The primary function of the skin is protection. It acts as a barrier against pathogens, harmful substances, and physical injuries, while also helping to regulate body temperature and prevent water loss.

In the "rule of nines," what percentage of the total body surface area does the head and neck represent?

• 4.5%

• 9%

• 18%

• 27%

Answer explanation

In the "rule of nines," the head and neck account for 9% of the total body surface area. This is a standard guideline used in assessing burn injuries.

What is the primary risk associated with third-degree burns?

• Hair loss

• Scarring

• Infection

• Increased pigmentation

Answer explanation

The primary risk associated with third-degree burns is infection. These burns damage the skin's protective barrier, making it easier for bacteria to enter and cause infections, which can lead to serious complications.

How are burns classified?

• By the color of the skin

• By the depth of the injury

• By the amount of pain

• By the location on the body

Answer explanation

Burns are classified by the depth of the injury, which determines the severity and treatment. This classification includes first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree burns, based on how deeply they affect the skin.

Which of the following is a common treatment for minor burns?

• Applying ice directly

• Applying cool water

• Applying butter

• Applying alcohol

Answer explanation

Applying cool water is a common treatment for minor burns as it helps to cool the skin and reduce pain. In contrast, applying ice directly can cause further skin damage, while butter and alcohol are not recommended for burns.