Expansion of Empires, War, and Reform

Who founded Islam?

• Abdul

• Ali

• Mahmoud

• Muhammed

Answer explanation

in the 7th century (600s)

Followers of Islam are called Muslims

Islam, Christianity, and Islam are what type of religions?

• atheistic

• monotheistic

• polytheistic

• theistic

Answer explanation

Only believe in one religion

Where was an important center of trade, which contributed to the spread of Islam?

• Arabian Peninsula

• Iberian Peninsula

• Sanai Peninsula

• Yucatan Peninsula

Answer explanation

It was an important center of trade due to its location between other ancient civilizations.

Where did Muhammed and his followers forced to flee, but later returned to make it the holiest city in Islam?

• Baghdad

• Jerusalem

• Mecca

• Medina

Answer explanation

They fled to Medina.

After Muhammed's death, who ruled over the Islamic empire?

• Caliphs

• Emperors

• Kings

• Pharoahs

Answer explanation

and they expanded the empire through conquest and trade.

Trade, the arts, sciences, and scholarship flourished during what time period?

• Black Death

• The Crusades

• The Hundred Years' War

• The Islamic Golden Age

Answer explanation

Muslims in this period primarily spoke Arabic. Muslim scholars translated works written originally in Greek and Latin into Arabic.

Muslim scholars translated the works of ancient Greek and Roman thinkers. They also borrowed and spread the use of written numerals 0–9.

Medieval Islamic art avoided the use of representations of people and animals. Instead, it used styles based on geometric forms and the natural world.

During what events did European Christians attempted to regain control of the Holy Land from Muslim Turks?

• The Crusades

• The Hundred Years' War

• Black Death

• The Islamic Golden Age

Answer explanation

The Byzantine emperor asked for help in turning back the Muslim Turks, who were making it difficult for Christians to visit the Holy Land.

The Crusades succeeded for only a short time. By the time they ended, the Muslims had regained control of the Holy Land.

Crusades caused significant casualties but also contributed to increased _____ and _____ between the European and Muslim worlds.

• hunting, gathering

• nomadic, settled

• love, war

• trade, contact

Which statement explains the changes after Muhammad’s death?

• A civil war led to a split in Islam.

• The first four caliphs developed a policy of religious tolerance.

• The first four caliphs spread Islam through conquest.

• A period of peace increased trade.

Why are Muslims required to make a pilgrimage during their lifetime?

• to commemorate Muhammad’s conquests

• to commemorate Muhammad’s last trip to Mecca

• to show their devotion to Allah

• to show their respect for Islamic communities