Unit 2 - AP Biology Exam Review

What is the primary reason small cells are more efficient at obtaining nutrients?

• Small cells have a larger surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing for more efficient nutrient absorption.

• Small cells are smaller in size, which reduces their nutrient requirements.

• Small cells can move faster, enabling quicker nutrient uptake.

• Small cells have thicker cell walls that retain nutrients better.

What is the significance of ATP in cellular processes?

• ATP is a structural component of DNA.

• ATP provides the energy required for various cellular processes, including active transport.

• ATP is a waste product of cellular respiration.

• ATP is involved in the synthesis of proteins.

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What is the role of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells?

• They provide structural support to the cell.

• They compartmentalize cellular functions, allowing for more complex processes to occur efficiently.

• They are involved in the synthesis of proteins only.

• They are responsible for the movement of the cell.

What structure is found only in plants and prokaryotes that gives them a rigid shape?

• Cell membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Cell wall

• Nucleus

Define osmosis.

• Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

• Osmosis is the process of diffusion of solutes across a membrane.

• Osmosis is the movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

• Osmosis is the absorption of nutrients by plant roots.

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

• Ribosomes are responsible for energy production.

• Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

• Ribosomes are responsible for DNA replication.

• Ribosomes are responsible for cell division.

What is the function of the cell wall?

• The cell wall provides structural support and protection to the cell.

• The cell wall regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

• The cell wall is involved in energy production for the cell.

• The cell wall aids in cell division and replication.

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What is facilitated diffusion?

• A process of active transport of molecules across a cell membrane using energy.

• The process of passive transport of molecules across a cell membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.

• A method of cell division that involves the splitting of the cell membrane.

• The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

What does the hydrophilic head of a phospholipid do in relation to water?

• It repels water and is non-polar.

• It loves to interact with water and is polar.

• It has no effect on water.

• It forms a barrier against water.

Explain the concept of concentration gradient.

• A concentration gradient is the difference in the concentration of a substance across a space, driving the movement of substances from high to low concentration.

• A concentration gradient refers to the uniform distribution of particles in a solution.

• A concentration gradient is the process of mixing two substances to achieve an equal concentration.

• A concentration gradient is the increase in temperature that affects the solubility of a substance.

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