Sociology Unit 4 Deviance Quizs

Deterrence

• Discouraging criminal acts by threatening punishment; punishment is so bad it prevents behavior from happening

• Encouraging criminal acts by rewarding good behavior

• Ignoring criminal acts to promote freedom

• Punishing all crimes equally regardless of severity

White Collar Crime

• A type of violent crime involving physical harm to individuals.

• Nonviolent crime committed by individuals or corporations to obtain a personal or business advantage.

• Crimes that are exclusively committed by government officials.

• Crimes that involve theft of physical property from individuals.

Rehabilitation

• A program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses; changing norms.

• A method of punishment that focuses on retribution.

• A strategy for increasing prison sentences for repeat offenders.

• A system of community service for minor offenses.

Emile Durkheim

• Functions of deviance include it clarifies norms and creates change

• Deviance has no impact on society

• Deviance is always harmful to social order

• Deviance is a sign of social progress

Strain Theory

• A theory that suggests deviance occurs when individuals are unable to achieve socially acceptable goals due to unequal opportunities.

• A concept that explains how social norms influence individual behavior in a positive way.

• A hypothesis that states all members of society have equal access to resources and opportunities.

• A framework that argues deviance is solely a result of individual choices and moral failings.

Negative Deviance

• Involves behavior that under conforms to accepted norms

• Involves behavior that over conforms to accepted norms

• Involves behavior that is socially accepted

• Involves behavior that is legally permissible

Control Theory of Deviance

• Social control is based on people's anticipation of rewards and punishments for their behavior.

• Deviance is solely determined by biological factors.

• Social control is irrelevant to deviant behavior.

• Deviance is a result of social isolation.

Juvenile Crime

• The breaking of criminal laws by individuals younger than age 18

• Criminal activities committed by adults over 18

• A type of crime that is only punishable by fines

• The act of stealing from a store

Internal Social Control

• Takes place when individuals internalize norms and values and follow those norms and values in their lives; internally sanction self

• Is enforced by external authorities such as laws and regulations

• Occurs when individuals rebel against societal norms and values

• Is a form of social control that relies solely on peer pressure

Victim Discounting

• Process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status

• A method of evaluating the impact of crime on different social classes

• A legal term for the reduction of sentences based on victim's background

• A psychological theory explaining victim behavior in crime scenarios