What does HRM primarily involve?

• Managing financial records.

• Developing marketing campaigns.

• Recruiting, managing, and developing people within an organization.

• Maintaining IT infrastructure.

• Planning company events.

What is an example of an internal factor influencing HR practices?

• Company culture.

• Immigration policies.

• Demographic trends.

• Technological advancements.

• Government regulations.

How do external factors like remote work trends affect HR planning?

• Increase hiring costs.

• Demand the creation of new HR policies.

• Reduce employee engagement.

• Eliminate the need for succession planning.

• Reduce training effectiveness.

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of resistance to change?

• Fear of unknown outcomes.

• Comfort with the status quo.

• Perceived threat to job security.

• Preference for innovation and change.

• Lack of clear communication.

What does "Span of Control" refer to?

• The total number of departments.

• The process of delegating tasks.

• How quickly decisions are made.

• Reporting to multiple managers.

• Number of subordinates a manager directly supervises.

Which structure typically leads to greater employee autonomy but potential confusion?

• Flat structure.

• Tall structure.

• Functional divisions.

• Matrix structure.

• Centralized structure.

What does "Delayering" involve in organizational restructuring?

• Removing management levels.

• Increasing management layers.

• Hiring external consultants.

• Spreading decision-making evenly.

• Adding part-time positions.

What distinguishes leadership from management?

• Management inspires, leadership organizes.

• Leadership focuses on structure, management on vision.

• Leadership inspires and influences, management plans and organizes.

• Management innovates, leadership maintains the status quo.

• Leadership is concerned with short-term tasks, management with long-term vision.

Which leadership style involves making decisions without consultation?

• Autocratic.

• Democratic.

• Laissez-faire.

• Situational.

• Paternalistic.

Which benefit is associated with high employee motivation?

• Increased absenteeism.

• Reduced innovation.

• Lower employee turnover.

• Increased conflict.

• Lower productivity.