Biology SOL Unit 3.1 - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

What do Eubacteria's cell walls contain?

• Cellulose

• Peptidoglycan

• Chitin

• Lignin

Answer explanation

Eubacteria's cell walls are primarily composed of peptidoglycan, a polymer that provides structural support and protection. This distinguishes them from other organisms, which may have cellulose, chitin, or lignin in their cell walls.

What is the Linnaean system based on?

• Chemical composition

• Physical appearance

• Taxonomic classification

• Genetic similarity

Answer explanation

The Linnaean system is based on taxonomic classification, which organizes living organisms into hierarchical categories based on shared characteristics, rather than chemical composition, physical appearance, or genetic similarity.

Which of the following is not a level of taxa in the Linnaean system?

• Domain

• Class

• Order

• Primer

Answer explanation

In the Linnaean system, the main taxonomic ranks include Domain, Class, and Order. 'Primer' is not a recognized level of taxa, making it the correct answer to the question.

Where is the nucleoid located in prokaryotic cells?

• Inside the nucleus

• In the cytoplasm

• In the cell membrane

• In the ribosomes

Answer explanation

The nucleoid in prokaryotic cells is located in the cytoplasm, where it contains the cell's genetic material. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes do not have a nucleus.

What are plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

• Complexes of RNA and protein

• Autonomous circular DNA molecules

• Semi-permeable barriers

• Hair-like extensions

Answer explanation

Plasmids are autonomous circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotic cells. They replicate independently of chromosomal DNA and often carry genes that provide advantages, such as antibiotic resistance.

What is the role of the Nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

• Protein synthesis

• Energy production

• DNA and protein storage

• Lipid synthesis

Answer explanation

The nucleus in eukaryotic cells is primarily responsible for storing DNA and proteins. It houses the genetic material and regulates gene expression, making it essential for cell function and reproduction.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Match the following cellular functions with their corresponding organelles.

• Chloroplasts

• Energy production

• Ribosomes

• Photosynthesis

• Nucleus

• DNA replication

• Mitochondria

• Protein synthesis

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

Which of the following is NOT found in animal cells?

• Mitochondria

• Golgi Apparatus

• Cell Wall

• Nucleus

Answer explanation

The cell wall is not found in animal cells; it is present in plant cells and some prokaryotes. Animal cells have a flexible plasma membrane instead, while they do contain mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and a nucleus.

Match each of the plastids with its function.

• Stores oil and fat

• Leucoplast

• Provides color

• Chloroplast

• Necessary for photosynthesis

• Chromoplast

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

• Lack of nucleus

• Presence of membrane-bound organelles

• Small and simple structure

• Lack of cytoplasm

Answer explanation

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, which are not found in prokaryotic cells.