Review: Greece (Sparta & Athens)

It was the military-minded city-state of ancient Greece.

• Athens

• Corinth

• Sparta

• Thebes

All Spartan men were expected to be lifelong ___.

• soldiers

• farmers

• merchants

• scholars

What was the agoge?

• an education and training program that prepared Spartan boys for a lifetime of military service

• one of three famed Athenian gymnasia, or public institutions used for athletic training and intellectual pursuits

• the council of elders of Sparta

• a wrestling school that was often part of a gymnasium

Initially more appreciative of the arts, Spartans became more militaristic after the conquest of neighboring Messenia and the subjugation of its people, who were reduced to the status of helots, or state-sponsored slaves. While freed from the need to perform manual labor, and free to engage in intellectual and artistic pursuits, Spartans ___.

• feared that they couldn't compete with the artistic and cultural achievements of the Athenians, and focused on military pursuits instead

• faced the constant threat of invasion by the many allies of the Messenians

• were constantly preoccupied with the threat of revolt by a segment of the population that outnumbered them

monarchy = a form of government in which political power is held by ___

• a single individual, usually a king or queen

• a small group of wealthy citizens

• elected representatives who are freely voted for by the people

• a religious leader

___ = a form of government in which power is held by the few

• aristocracy

• democracy

• oligarchy

• tyranny

Greek war hero Leonidas is best known for leading a force of 300 mostly Spartan soldiers in a legendary last stand against an invading Persian army that numbered in the tens of thousands. What position did he hold in the Spartan government? (Use inference.)

• He was an ephor.

• He was one of the 28 members of the Gerousia who were over the age of 60.

• He was a member of the assembly.

• He was a king.

Which is not true of the ephors?

• They were appointed by Sparta's two kings.

• They served for only one year.

• They served as a check on the kings' power.

• They were the five highest magistrates* in the Spartan government. (*civil, or non-military, officers who administer the law)

The women of city-states like Athens and Corinth had more rights and enjoyed greater freedoms than those of Sparta.

• true

• false

He was one of the most important thinkers and writers in the history of Western culture. His Academy at Athens endured for centuries. After his death, his ideas were taken up by countless other thinkers.