8th Grade Final Exam

This list includes rights that are considered — - Life - Liberty - Pursuit of happiness

• transferable

• legislated

• unalienable

• inherited

One environmental consequence of the large-scale cultivation of cotton in the South was —

• widespread soil exhaustion caused by decades of farming

• drought caused by overuse of river water to irrigate farmland

• air pollution caused by the use of cotton gins

• widespread water contamination caused by fertilizer runoff

Which change occurred as a direct result of these developments?

• A reduction in the number of skilled workers in northern states

• The expansion of manufacturing into the western territories

• A reduction in trade with European countries

• The expansion of slavery into newly acquired territories

Which outcome best completes this diagram?

• American Revolution

• Popular Sovereignty

• Manifest Destiny

• Civil War

Which factor encouraged more immigrants to settle in northern states than southern states during the mid-nineteenth century?

• Northern states had lower population densities.

• Citizenship requirements in southern states were not as strict.

• Southern states had smaller industrial sectors.

• Governments in northern states were less corrupt.

The great idea in Article 5 of the Constitution is that change requires two elements: ... national agreement, as well as agreement in most of the states, that an urgent problem exists that cannot be remedied by the courts, legislatures or Congress. —Mary Frances Berry, The New York Times, September 13, 1987 This author is expressing her opinion about —

• recalling members of Congress

• impeaching the President

• disobeying the Supreme Court

• amending the Constitution

The British government issued the Proclamation of 1763 to limit the area British colonists were allowed to settle. Which geographic feature did the British use as the boundary of approved settlement?

• Lake Michigan

• Gulf of Mexico

• Mississippi River

• Appalachian Mountains

Which argument would a Federalist make to support ratification of the Constitution?

• The Constitution will enable states to nullify laws that are harmful to citizens.

• A strong federal government will be more stable than a loose confederation of states.

• The Constitution will allow states to establish banks to stabilize the national economy.

• A republican system of government will better represent large states.

How did the growth of these organizations most affect the role of women in U.S. society?

• By providing economic opportunities for women in urban areas

• By expanding the participation of women in social reform

• By increasing the number of women teachers in rural areas

• By securing the establishment of private universities for women

What was the main reason President Monroe made this statement?

• To strengthen political alliances with European allies

• To address European competition for natural resources

• To increase U.S. military readiness for European expansionism

• To prevent European intervention in countries near the United States