What is the meaning of 'vernacular' in everyday language?

• Common speech

• Old writing

• Specialized terminology

• Exotic language

What role did trade play in the cultural development during the Renaissance?

• Trade brought wealth to Italy, allowing artists to be paid.

• Trade led to the destruction of cultural heritage in Italy.

• Trade isolated Italian cities from cultural exchanges.

• Trade made Italy uninterested in artistic pursuits.

What geographical feature of Italy contributed to its success in trade?

• Italy's extensive coastline facilitated maritime trade routes.

• Italy's location in a desert provided unique trade opportunities.

• Italy's landlocked position made it a central trade hub.

• Italy's mountainous terrain isolated it from trade.

What does the term 'renaissance' signify?

• revival or renewal

• ancient empire

• contemporary innovation

• feudal combat

Who was Dante?

• Poet of the late Middle Ages who wrote in the language most people spoke

• Painter who invented the printing press

• Scientist who developed the heliocentric theory

• Explorer who discovered the New World

Why is Galileo a household name today?

• Considered the father of modern science; used observations and experiments to prove his ideas

• Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David

• Invented the printing press, revolutionizing the spread of information

• Wrote 'The Prince,' a treatise on political theory

Explain how Nicolaus Copernicus contributed to the Renaissance.

• A mathematician and astronomer, formulated the heliocentric theory, proposing that the sun is at the center of the solar system

• A renowned playwright and poet, authored classics like 'Macbeth' and 'Othello'

• An Italian artist and sculptor, known for the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

• An explorer who led the first expedition to sail around the world

True or false, Cosimo de’ Medici was a significant patron of the arts and education in Florence.

• True

• False

What made Petrarch’s ideas different from medieval thinkers?

• He believed education should focus only on religious salvation

• He thought education should include poetry, stories, and philosophy

• He wanted people to become knights and soldiers

The identities of artists became more important during the Renaissance because:

• art became more focused on individual creativity and recognition

• artists were required to remain anonymous

• artworks were only created for religious purposes

• the government controlled all artistic expression