Mesoamerican and Andean Civilizations

Maya

• A Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula known for its contributions to mathematics and astronomy.

• A South American civilization known for its large empires and extensive road systems.

• An ancient civilization in North America known for its nomadic lifestyle and hunting skills.

• A European civilization known for its contributions to art and philosophy.

Incan Empire

• Largest and most powerful Andean empire, controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco.

• A small tribal confederation located in the Amazon rainforest.

• An ancient civilization known for its advanced writing system and maritime trade.

• A European empire that colonized South America in the 16th century.

Aztecs

• A powerful centralized empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.)

• A nomadic tribe known for their hunting skills

• An ancient civilization in South America

• A group of islands in the Caribbean

Tributary State

• A state that is completely independent and does not pay tribute to any ruler.

• An independent state that has to acknowledge the supremacy of another state and pay tribute to its ruler.

• A state that is a colony of another state and has no autonomy.

• A state that has a mutual agreement with another state for trade and defense.

Quipu

• An arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information.

• A type of ancient pottery used by the Mayans.

• A traditional Incan garment made from llama wool.

• A ceremonial weapon used in Incan rituals.

Terrace Farming

• A farming system that is in the form of steps going up a mountain to increase farm land.

• A method of farming that uses large flat fields for crops.

• A type of agriculture that relies solely on irrigation from rivers.

• A technique that involves planting crops in rows on flat land.

Chinampas

• Floating farming islands made by the Aztec.

• A type of ancient Aztec weapon.

• A traditional Aztec dance.

• A form of Aztec currency.

Machu Picchu

• A famous ancient Roman city known for its coliseum.

• An abandoned city high in the Andes mountains that showcases the architectural genius of the Inca.

• A modern city in Peru known for its vibrant culture.

• A historical site in Egypt known for its pyramids.

Ayllu

• A type of Incan agricultural tool used for farming.

• A small community or family group in Incan society that worked together for the common good.

• A traditional Incan festival celebrating the harvest.

• A form of Incan currency used for trade.

Tenochtitlan

• Capital of the Inca Empire, located in the Andes Mountains.

• Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco.

• A major city in ancient Egypt, known for its pyramids.

• A significant trading post in ancient Mesopotamia.