What is the primary function of the gallbladder?

• Production of bile

• Storage and concentration of bile

• Digestion of fats

• Secretion of digestive enzymes

Which of the following is the most common type of gallstone?

• Pigment gallstones

• Mixed gallstones

• Cholesterol gallstones

• Bilirubin gallstones

Which of the following is a complication of untreated cholecystitis?

• Hypertension

• Diverticulitis

• Peptic ulcer disease

• Gangrene of the gallbladder

Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to occur in a patient with prolonged biliary obstruction?

• Vitamin B12

• Vitamin B1

• Vitamin K

• Vitamin C

In the pathophysiology of acute calculous cholecystitis, what is the primary mechanism of inflammation?

• Bacterial infection of the gallbladder wall

• Ischemic necrosis due to cystic artery occlusion

• Chemical irritation from concentrated bile salts

•  Obstruction of the cystic duct leading to increased intraluminal pressure and edema