Mutations and Protein Synthesis

What is translation in protein synthesis?

• Translation is the process where ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

• Translation is the process of copying DNA into RNA.

• Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize DNA from amino acids.

• Translation is the process of breaking down proteins into amino acids.

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

• mRNA helps in the replication of DNA.

• mRNA is responsible for the folding of proteins.

• mRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome.

How can mutations contribute to evolution?

• Mutations can introduce genetic variation in a population, which can be acted upon by natural selection, leading to evolution.

• Mutations always result in harmful effects that hinder evolution.

• Mutations have no impact on genetic variation within a population.

• Mutations only occur in response to environmental changes and do not contribute to evolution.

What is a deletion mutation?

• A type of mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.

• A mutation that adds one or more nucleotides to the DNA sequence.

• A mutation that changes one nucleotide to another without adding or removing any.

• A mutation that causes the DNA sequence to repeat itself.

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?

• Leucine

• Alanine

• Serine

• Valine

What are the results of mutations?

• Changes in DNA sequence, genetic variation in a species, and differing amino acid sequences.

• Increased stability of DNA and reduced genetic variation.

• Complete elimination of genetic variation in a species.

• No effect on the amino acid sequences of proteins.

What types of effects can genetic mutations have?

• They can only be harmful.

• They can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

• They always lead to disease.

• They have no effect at all.

What is transcription in protein synthesis?

• Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which then carries the genetic information to the ribosome.

• Transcription is the process of translating mRNA into a protein at the ribosome.

• Transcription is the process of replicating DNA to produce identical copies for cell division.

• Transcription is the process of synthesizing ribosomal RNA from a DNA template.

What are codons?

• Sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

• Single nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid.

• Proteins that help in the synthesis of mRNA.

• Sequences of amino acids that form proteins.

What is the main function of tRNA?

• To bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.

• To synthesize proteins in the nucleus.

• To transport genetic information from DNA to RNA.

• To catalyze biochemical reactions in the cytoplasm.