When multiple transitional fossils are found in many different rock layers, they provide evidence of --

gradual change of a species over time.

seasonal variation in the diet of a species.

DNA functioning as the genetic material of organisms.

A cladogram of five species is shown. Based on the cladogram, the ancestral species most likely had --

sharp teeth and retractable claws

The bar graph shows the average depth (distance from the top of the beak to the bottom) of a population of finches. The data were collected in 1976 and 1978, after a drought occurred in 1977 in the area. Which factor BEST describes the change in this population of finches?

A change in phenotype distribution because of an environmental factor

An increase in resource availability

A change in the reproductive success of one individual bird

A decrease in fitness that increased survival rates

The diagram shows light- and dark-colored beetles that live on a tree. Which result is most likely to occur to the beetle population due to predation over time?

The number of light-colored beetles in the population will increase.

There will be more dark-colored beetles than light-colored beetles.

The number of light-colored beetles will decrease.

The dark-colored beetles will move to a different type of tree.

Green anoles are lizards that can change their skin color rapidly in response to various stimuli. This adaptation is the result of --

beneficial traits passed from parents to offspring

selective breeding of lizards by humans

geographic isolation that prevented genetic mutation

environmental pollutants that changed their genotype

The Mexican long-nosed bat roosts in Big Bend National Park in West Texas. The bat feeds on nectar and pollen and hovers while it feeds. Additionally, its tongue can extend up to eight centimeters. The features of Mexican long-nosed bates are evidence of natural selection because features are adaptations that --

help individuals out compete other individuals for food resources to increase survival and reproductive success

lead to an increase in predation by other species of animals

show that most DNA mutations are necessary and advantageous but do not increase survival or reproductive success

are the result of intentional breeding

A new predator of rabbits has been introduced within an ecosystem. This new predator runs faster than the native predators of rabbits. Which statement describes what will most likely occur in the rabbit population due to the introduction of the predator?

Faster rabbits will survive and reproduce, increasing the average speed of the rabbit population.

The rabbits will mutate their genes and express genes that increase their speed.

Slower rabbits will develop stronger legs and pass this trait to their offspring

Rabbits will mate and produce offspring with a different species that has faster runners.

A large population of rock pocket mice with various fur colors lives in a designated area. Soon after a volcanic eruption, the number of mice with dark-colored fur in the population increased. Which statement BEST describes the reason for the change in fur color?

The fitness of mice with dark-colored fur increased, so they became more abundant.

Mutations for dark-colored fur were passed down within the somatic cells, resulting in more mice with dark-colored fur.

Mice with light-colored fur selected mutations that allowed their fur to become darker.

Mice with light-colored fur began feeding in the daytime to stimulate the release of a pigment for dark-colored fur.

Cytochrome c is a protein that is found in the mitochondria of all aerobic eukaryotic cells. The gene sequence for cytochrome c has been mapped and analyzed for thousands of species. The table shows the percentage of the cytochrome c amino-acid sequence that different species have in common. Which list is ordered from the species most closely related to the mouse to the species least closely related to the mouse?

Donkey, horse, chimpanzee, lamprey

Horse, chimpanzee, donkey, lamprey

Lamprey, donkey, chimpanzee, horse

Chimpanzee. Donkey, lamprey, horse

In the 1940s, the scientist J. B. S. Haldane linked many human red blood cell disorders with the tropical regions where malaria occurs. Haldane hypothesized that the widespread presence of these red blood cell disorders as well as traits that protect individuals from malaria were the result of natural selection. Haldane's hypothesis was later confirmed by the research of A. C. Allison. The resistance to malaria carried by individuals in areas where malaria is widespread is the result of --

the individuals' genetic composition

the individuals' behavior in avoiding those with the infection

This cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among some mammals based on homologous structures. Which statement is supported by this cladogram?

Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cows than to javelinas.

Toothed whales are more closely related to mouse deer than to hippopotamuses.

Javelinas and pigs are more closely related than baleen whales and toothed whales.

Cows and mouse deer are more closely related than javelinas and pigs.

Two students give the following presentation to their classmates: Student 1 starts the presentation by describing members of one species. Student 2 adds information about members of another species and explains that members of both species interact with each other AND with abiotic factors in their environment. Which are the levels of the biological organization presented by Student 1 and Student 2 in this presentation?

Student 1: Population Student 2: Ecosystem

Student 1: Organism Student 2: Population

Student 1: Ecosystem Student 2: Organism

Student 1: Community Student 2: Population

Students designed an experiment to model the carbon cycle. The students combined water and carbon dioxide-producing disks in a sealed flask. The flask represented Earth’s atmosphere, and the lamp represented the sun. Their design is shown. Which component can be added to the flask to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the model atmosphere created by the disks?

Plants to absorb carbon in the process of photosynthesis

Bacteria use carbon during nitrification

Snails to use carbon through cellular respiration

Mushrooms to absorb carbon during decomposition

Which statement is an example of how carbon moves through a food chain as part of the carbon cycle?

Producers take in carbon dioxide, and consumers release it.

Producers release carbon dioxide, and consumers take it in.

Producers take in carbon from the soil, and they release it when they decompose.

Producers release carbon into the soil, and consumers take it in from the soil.

What would be the most likely effect of a wildfire that burned a large area of a forest?

Less carbon dioxide would be removed from the atmosphere in the areas by plants.

More sugars and starches would be available for animals in the area.

The availability of fossil fuels for use by industries in the area would be reduced.

An increase in animal respiration would increase the release of carbon dioxide in the area.

Which scenario will MOST LIKELY result in a change to the nitrogen cycle that negatively affects plant growth?

Decreasing the amount of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil.

Increasing the variety of legumes within a field

Planting crops that do not need nitrogen for survival.

Regulating the amount of fertilizers used on farms.

Nitrogen is an essential component of all living things. However, atmospheric nitrogen is unavailable for organisms to use. Through various processes and chemical changes, nitrogen moves through the biosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere in different forms, making it available for all organisms. Atmospheric nitrogen is deposited in the soil and surface waters primarily through precipitation. Once in the soil, microorganisms break down the nitrogen into different forms, which is then taken up by plants. Nitrogen eventually makes its way back into the atmosphere. What would happen within the nitrogen cycle if a bactericide, a substance that kills bacteria, was added to the soil?

Microorganisms would not be present to break down the nitrogen into a usable form for plants.

The rate at which nitrogen is broken down would increase, resulting in faster absorption by plants.

More nutrients would be added to the soil, increasing the amount of nitrogen available to plants.

Nitrogen would be blocked from entering the soil, making it unavailable for plants to use.

The ocean sunfish (Mola mola) is a large, flat fish that spend most of its time in deep water feeding mainly on jellyfish. Sunfish often have many species of copepods, small crustaceans, that bury their heads into the soft tissue of the sunfish. Sunfish will swim to the surface of the water and lie sideways, allowing seabirds to eat the copepods from their skin. Which list describes the types of relationships the sunfish has with other marine organisms?

Seabirds: mutualism Jellyfish: predation Copepods: parasitism

Seabirds: parasitism Jellyfish: commensalism Copepods: predation

Seabirds: predation Jellyfish: mutualism Copepods: commensalism

Seabirds: commensalisms Jellyfish: parasitism Copepods: mutualism

Which environmental condition would MOST LIKELY result in the appearance of punctuated equilibrium in the fossil record?

An environment that experiences rapid large-scale destructive changes

An environment that remains in a state of stasis

An environment that undergoes steady changes over time

An environment with many transitional fossils

In the late 19th century, Charles Darwin and his son performed a series of experiments on young grass seedlings to observe the plants’ response to sunlight. They grouped the seedlings as shown in the list: They removed the tips of one group of seedlings. They placed opaque caps over the tips of the second group of seedlings. They placed transparent caps over the tips of a third group of seedlings. The results of the experiment are shown in the diagram. Based on the diagram, which statement BEST supports the results of the experiment?

C. The direction of light is detected by cells on the shoot tips, and plants respond by bending toward the light.

A. The direction of light is detected by cells on the shoot tips, and plants respond by producing chlorophyll.

B. The direction of light is detected by cells on the roots, and plants respond by bending toward the light.

D. The direction of light is detected by cells within the roots, and plants respond by bending in the direction of gravity.

Roots of different plants can be connected by a network of underground fungal extensions called hyphae. These fungi contribute minerals to the plants and the plants contribute carbohydrates to the fungi. Which statement about the transportation of these substances within the plant is true?

D. The carbohydrates are transported to the fungi through the phloem.

A. The minerals are transported from the phloem to the xylem in the shoot system.

B. The carbohydrates are transported from the shoot system to the fungi by the xylem.

C. The minerals are transported from the xylem to the phloem in the roots.

Positive thigmotropism is a response in plants in which they move and grow toward an object the plant comes into physical contact with, usually curling around the object. This response of the shoot system benefits the plant by allowing the plant to--

D. reach more sunlight for photosynthesis

A. produce more pollen for pollinators

B. take in more carbon dioxide to convert into glucose

C. absorb more water to transport to the leaves

Students studying the interaction among the reproductive parts of flowering plants make the graphic organizer shown. Which terms best complete the numbered blanks in the flowchart?

(1) petals (2) stigma (3) ovule

(1) filaments (2) petals (3) stigma

(1) petals (2) ovule (3) stigma

(1) filaments (2) petals (3) ovule

A flower that has both male and female reproductive structures is shown. Which statement best describes an interaction that will allow a flowering plant to reproduce by self-pollination?

C. A pollen grain is transferred from an anther to the stigma of the same flower.

A. An anther is transferred from a filament to another filament within the same flower.

B. An ovule is transferred from the ovary to a petal on a different flower.

D. An ovary is transferred from a flower on one plant to a flower on a different plant.

Gibberellins are hormones produced in the root tips of plants. The plant uses these hormones to stimulate the growth of shoots. How are gibberellins able to affect other parts of the plant?

B. Gibberellins are transported through vascular tissues to other parts of the plant.

A. Gibberellins are absorbed through the stomata and attach to chloroplasts.

C. Gibberellins become concentrated within the tissues of the plant during mitosis.

D. Gibberellins become modified once they infect healthy cells and are later released to infect other cells.

The diagram shows changes in blood pressure over time. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction occur because blood--

D. Pressure is controlled by a feedback mechanism

A. Flows through veins and arteries

B. Is a necessary component for life

C. Flows through the heart at various rates

The feedback loop for blood calcium homeostasis is shown. According to the diagram, which four body systems are interacting to maintain blood calcium homeostasis?

D. Endocrine, digestive, excretory, skeletal

A. Respiratory, digestive, muscular, skeletal

B. Respiratory, immune, reproductive, endocrine

C. Endocrine, excretory, integumentary, muscular

Biting flies can transmit diseases and cause loss of blood for animals in nature. Horses have developed behaviors to repel biting flies such as ear twitching, head tossing, leg stomping, and tail swishing. Which statement best describes the interaction between body systems that allows horses to repel biting flies?

A. The nervous system senses the biting flies and sends a signal to the muscular system to move.

B. The circulatory system senses the biting flies and sends a signal to the nervous system to move.

C. The muscular system senses the biting flies and sends a signal to the integumentary system to move.

D. The integumentary system senses the biting flies and sends a signal to the circulatory system to move.

Which sequence best describes an interaction between the integumentary and excretory systems that helps to maintain homeostasis?

D. Body temperature increases → Glands release sweat → Body temperature decreases

A. Heart rate increases → Blood vessels constrict → Blood pressure increases

B. Blood vessel is damaged → Platelets begin to clump → Blood vessel ruptures

C. Blood sugar levels rise → Pancreas secretes insulin → Blood sugar continues to rise

Which statement best describes an interaction between the muscular system and respiratory system?

C. The diaphragm contracts causing the chest cavity to expand, which draws air into the lungs.

A. The hormone adrenaline causes blood vessels to contract and send more blood to major muscles.

B. Metabolic wastes generated by muscle cells are eliminated in urine.

D. Nutrients absorbed in the small intestine are transported in blood to the brain.

Natural enzymes called ___________ can cut and copy DNA at specific sites. Then the DNA fragments can be separated by the process of ___________. Choose the option that identifies the missing terms or phrases, in order of appearance in the sentences.

A. restriction enzymes; gel electrophoresis

B. genomic enzymes; genomic imprinting

C. DNA replicase; DNA replication

D. RNA transcriptase; RNA transcription

The diagram describes the process of using restriction enzymes. What is the primary function of a restriction enzyme in biotechnology?

C. To cut DNA at specific sequences

B. To insert DNA into a host cell

Insect pests often feed on crop plants in farmers' fields. To address this problem, scientists have developed transgenic crop plants that produce their own pest-killing chemicals. In nature, these chemicals are produced by certain bacteria. Which of the following actions was most likely involved in the development of the transgenic crop plants? Transgenic: one whose genome has been altered by the introduction of foreign DNA

C. Recombinant DNA was inserted into the genome of the host plant.

A. Sections of the genome of the host plant were spliced and removed.

B. DNA from the host plant was inserted into the genome of bacteria

D. The host plant was artificially crossed with an insect pest.

What can scientists accomplish by applying recombinant DNA technology?

C. Changes to the genetic composition of a living organism

A. Changes to the roles of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis

B. Changes to the lipids as it is used by a living organism

D. Changes to the percentage of DNA that is replicated by a living organism

Spring Final Review K

Authored by Kelly Ha

Science

9th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 5+ times

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Farmers spray pesticides on their plants to protect the plants from being eaten by insects. Some individual insects have a genetic mutation that makes them resistant to the toxins in the pesticides.

Which statement best describes how only a few resistant individuals resulted in the pesticide becoming ineffective?

The resistant insects change the toxin on the plants, making it safe for others.

The resistant insects grow larger and eat less of the plants.

The resistant insects eat the contaminated surface and leave the rest for others.

The resistant insects are able to survive to reproduce and create a population that is also resistant.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The giant octopus lays 20,000 to 100,000 fertilized eggs. After hatching, most octopuses become prey to larger marine organisms, and less than 5% will reach adulthood to reproduce.

One benefit of the giant octopus laying many eggs is to --

increase the average body size for surviving individuals to avoid predation

decrease competition between different octopus species to maintain resources in the population

increase the chance that more individuals will survive to maintain the population

decrease the likelihood of offspring being consumed by predators

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The aye-aye lemur is a mammal that feeds mostly on insect larvae that live inside trees. The aye-aye lemur has a specialized middle finger that is long and thin. The aye-aye lemur moves along a tree branch and taps the branch with its specialized finger. The aye-aye lemur then uses its specialized finger to reach the insect larvae and remove it.
Which selective pressure most likely resulted in the development of the aye-aye lemur's special adaptation?

Limited availability of water

competing for mates

Large number of natural predators

Food sources that are hard to find

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Adaptations that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, which of the following best describes fitness?

Best able to escape from predators

Being among the strongest organisms in a population

Being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring

Being able to survive long enough to reach the adult stage

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The table shows the survival rate of two types of beetles in the same environment over a period of three years.
Which statement about the beetles in this environment is best supported by the data?

Green beetles are more fit for the environment than brown beetles are.

Brown beetles undergo a greater number of unfavorable mutations than green beetles do.

Green beetles have a greater gene frequency among their population than brown beetles have.

Brown beetles have a shorter life cycle than green beetles have

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A student compares two different species of fox as shown in the table.
The student wants to explain why the two species are so different even though they have a common ancestor.

Which statement BEST explains the differences between the two species?

Different environments led to different adaptations.

The same environment led to different adaptations.

Each species developed the same adaptations to different environments

Each species migrated to environments that matched their adaptations.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The image shows part of the humerus bone in the upper arm of different primates.
Which statement is best supported by the similarities of these different humerus bones?

The primates lived in similar environments.

The primates shared a common ancestor.

The primates reproduce with similar organisms.

The primates had diets that consisted of similar types of foods.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

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Spring Final Review K

The giant octopus lays 20,000 to 100,000 fertilized eggs. After hatching, most octopuses become prey to larger marine organisms, and less than 5% will reach adulthood to reproduce. One benefit of the giant octopus laying many eggs is to --

Adaptations that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, which of the following best describes fitness?

The table shows the survival rate of two types of beetles in the same environment over a period of three years.Which statement about the beetles in this environment is best supported by the data?

A student compares two different species of fox as shown in the table.The student wants to explain why the two species are so different even though they have a common ancestor. Which statement BEST explains the differences between the two species?

The image shows part of the humerus bone in the upper arm of different primates.Which statement is best supported by the similarities of these different humerus bones?

When multiple transitional fossils are found in many different rock layers, they provide evidence of --

A phylogenetic tree based on genetic similarities is shown.Which numbered location on the phylogenetic tree identifies characteristics shared by Species B, C, and D?

A cladogram of five species is shown.Based on the cladogram, the ancestral species most likely had --

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Science

The giant octopus lays 20,000 to 100,000 fertilized eggs. After hatching, most octopuses become prey to larger marine organisms, and less than 5% will reach adulthood to reproduce.

One benefit of the giant octopus laying many eggs is to --

The table shows the survival rate of two types of beetles in the same environment over a period of three years.
Which statement about the beetles in this environment is best supported by the data?

A student compares two different species of fox as shown in the table.
The student wants to explain why the two species are so different even though they have a common ancestor.

Which statement BEST explains the differences between the two species?

The image shows part of the humerus bone in the upper arm of different primates.
Which statement is best supported by the similarities of these different humerus bones?

A phylogenetic tree based on genetic similarities is shown.
Which numbered location on the phylogenetic tree identifies characteristics shared by Species B, C, and D?

A cladogram of five species is shown.
Based on the cladogram, the ancestral species most likely had --