Theories and Concepts in Bilingual Education

Which theory posits that proficiency in a first language (L1) can support the acquisition of a second language (L2)?

• Cummins' Theory of Linguistic Interdependence

• Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory

• Krashen's Input Hypothesis

• Critical Pedagogy

What is the key concept of Cummins' Theory of Linguistic Interdependence?

• Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP)

• Comprehensible Input

• Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

• Cognitive Flexibility

According to Vygotsky, what is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

• The range of tasks a learner can perform with guidance but not yet independently

• The ability to switch between tasks efficiently

• The idea that language input must be understandable but challenging

• The shared cognitive base for both languages

Which theory emphasizes the importance of social interaction and cultural context in cognitive development?

• Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory

• Krashen's Input Hypothesis

• Cognitive Theories of Bilingualism

• Critical Pedagogy

Krashen's Input Hypothesis states that language acquisition occurs when learners are exposed to what type of input?

• Comprehensible input that is just beyond their current level of competence ("i+1")

• Input that is only in their first language

• Input that is below their current level of competence

• Input that is unrelated to their language level

What is the implication for bilingual education according to Cognitive Theories of Bilingualism?

• Bilingual education fosters cognitive benefits that can enhance academic performance

• Bilingual education should only focus on language proficiency

• Bilingual education should avoid multitasking

• Bilingual education should limit metalinguistic awareness

Which key concept is associated with Cognitive Theories of Bilingualism?

• Cognitive Flexibility

• Empowerment through Language

• Comprehensible Input

• Zone of Proximal Development

Critical Pedagogy, as associated with Paulo Freire, emphasizes what aspect of education?

• Social justice and empowerment

• Only language proficiency

• Cognitive flexibility

• Comprehensible input

How should bilingual programs empower students according to Critical Pedagogy?

• By challenging social inequalities and promoting critical thinking

• By focusing only on language proficiency

• By limiting cultural identity discussions

• By avoiding social justice topics

Which theory suggests that bilingualism should be seen as a cognitive advantage rather than a deficit?

• Cognitive Theories of Bilingualism

• Krashen's Input Hypothesis

• Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory

• Critical Pedagogy