Organizational Theory

Organization is a machine; a pragmatic machine whose focus is simple to run

more effectively

• Neoclassical Theory

• Bureaucracy

• Administrative Theory

• Humanistic Theory

There is one best way to get the job done

• Authority

• Maslow's Hierarchy

• Taylorism

• Esprit De Corps

Data gathered are analyzed and reduced to laws and rules that

applies to workers’ jobs in the form of detailed procedures and

how-to explanations.

• The work itself is redistributed, with management taking

  over tasks previously left to subordinates.

• Workers are selected carefully “scientifically” and then

  trained so that they become more efficient than ever

  before.

• Scientific selection, data collection, and training are

  combined to enhance efficiency.

• Management gathers data from the workers, who are in the

  best position to understand the job duties and tasks.

Diving up tasks to which employees are narrowly

trained to do only the tasks and duties assigned to their jobs.

• Span of Control

• Top-Down Pyramidal Organization

• Delegation of Authority

• Division of Labor

Proposed by Max Weber in describing the structure of an organization

• Neoclassical Theory

• Bureaucracy

• Humanistic Theory

• Administrative Theory

Daniel Katz and Robert Kahn emphasize two additional issues that

are important:

• Standardization of tasks

• Division of Labor

• Centralized decision making

• Delegation of authority

Proposed by Henri Fayol and is also called the Process or Structural Theory

• Administrative Theory

• Neoclassical Theory

• Bureaucracy

• Motivational Theory

The process of grouping related activities,

functions, or jobs into separate units within an organization to

improve efficiency, coordination, and specialization.

• Departmentalization Principle

• Line of Authority (Scalar Chain)

• Structural Theory

• Subordination

Managers must have the authority to issue commands, but with that

authority comes the responsibility to ensure that work gets done

• Authority

• Remuneration

• Equity

• Esprit de Corps

There must be a clear line of authority; subordinates must fully obey

instructions from superiors; managers must have the ability to instill ───

• Unity of Direction

• Unity of Command

• Discipline

• Division of Labor