HONORS BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2025

The removal of mitochondria from a typical animal cell would have an immediate effect on the cell’s production of:

• DNA

• oxygen

• ATP

• glucose

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

An enzyme that rapidly breaks down a protein molecule in the stomach may break down that same protein much more slowly in the small intestine or mouth because

• The enzyme is digested in those locations

• No protein molecules are located in the small intestine or the mouth

• The enzyme changes to fit different molecules in different locations

• The stomach may have a more suitable environment for the enzyme to work.

Test anxiety and stress can trigger many responses in the human body. It can stimulate increased heart and respiratory rates and increased sweating. These physical responses to increased stress are examples of

• competition

• infections

• gene manipulation

• feedback mechanisms

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which of the following describes the karyotype diagram?

• The karyotype diagram shows the diploid number of chromosomes that would be found in gametes of a human female.

• The karyotype diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes that would be found in gametes of a human female.

• The karyotype diagram shows the diploid number of chromosomes that would be found in body cells of a human female.

• The karyotype diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes that would be found in body cells of a human female.

A student created a model of a DNA sequence and its mRNA transcript, as shown. DNA: 3'-AGC CGT ATC-5' mRNA: 5'-TCG GCA TAG-3' Another student found a mistake in the model. Which of the following best describes how to correct the model?

• The thymine (T) nucleotides in the mRNA transcript should be replaced with uracil (U) nucleotides

• The adenine (A) nucleotides in the mRNA transcript should be replaced with thymine (T) nucleotides

• The thymine (T) nucleotides in the mRNA transcript should be replaced with cytosine (C) nucleotides

• The cytosine (C) nucleotides in the mRNA transcript should be replaced with guanine (G) nucleotides

The cell cycle includes the phases interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis. Which of the following tables correctly shows the description of each phase of the cell cycle?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

A Siamese cat has both dark and light fur on its body as shown. The production of the protein that determines fur color is dependent upon temperature. The fur on the body of the cat is lighter colored because its body is warmer than its head, feet and tail. Which of the following best describes how fur color is determined in a Siamese cat?

• Fur color is determined only by genes and RNA sequences that code for temperature.

• Fur color is determined by proteins from the environment and the temperature of the genes.

• Fur color is determined by a gene that codes for a protein and by the temperature of the environment.

• Fur color is determined only by environmental factors that include genes and the temperature of the cat.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

A student claims that the inheritance pattern for kernel coating is incomplete dominance.  Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the student’s claim?

• Corn and teosinte share the scientific name Zea mays.

• Early farmers produced corn by selectively breeding teosinte.

• A single gene with two alleles codes for the presence or absence of kernel coating in Zea mays.

• The cross between domestic corn and teosinte produced offspring with partially formed kernel coatings.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Corn kernels are fertilized seeds that develop into corn plants after they are planted.  How does the number of chromosomes in a corn kernel cell compare to the number of chromosomes in the body cell of a corn plant?

• A corn kernel cell has half as many chromosomes as the body cell because the kernel is a gamete.

• A corn kernel cell has the same number of chromosomes as the body cell because the kernel developed from a zygote.

• A corn kernel cell has twice as many chromosomes as the body cell because the kernel developed from two corn plants.

• A corn kernel cell has no chromosomes and the body cell has a full set of chromosomes because chromosomes are produced as the corn plant grows.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which graph would most accurately represent the relationship between the four kinds of bases found in DNA?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4