Computer Architecture and Functionality

What is the primary function of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer?

• To store large amounts of data permanently.

• To handle all computations and process information based on instructions.

• To display images and videos on the screen.

• To connect the computer to the internet.

What does Moore's Law describe about transistors in integrated circuits?

• The number of transistors decreases by half every two years.

• The size of transistors doubles every two years.

• The number of transistors per unit area doubles approximately every two years.

• The cost of transistors doubles every two years.

How has the functionality of computer components changed over the past 40 years?

• Components have become larger and require more space.

• Many discrete components from older computers are now integrated into a single, smaller chip.

• Computers now rely on fewer components, making them less powerful.

• The functionality has remained the same, but the cost has increased.

What caused the "first actual case of bug being found" in a computer, as documented by Grace Hopper?

• A software error in the programming code.

• A moth trapped in a relay.

• A faulty vacuum tube.

• An electrical short circuit.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main systems in the Von Neumann architecture for a stored program computer?

• Main Memory

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Input/Output Interfaces

• Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

Approximately how many transistors did the Intel 4004, the first single-chip microprocessor, contain?

• 230

• 2,300

• 23,000

• 230,000

What are transistors primarily used for in computers?

• Storing large amounts of data.

• Acting as tiny switches that turn on or off.

• Generating electrical power for the computer.

• Displaying images on the screen.

What is the main purpose of an Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)?

• To design the physical layout of a computer's motherboard.

• To define the types of operations a computer's hardware can perform.

• To manage the computer's network connections.

• To create graphical user interfaces for software.

How does an Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) act as a bridge between software and hardware?

• It physically connects the software programs to the computer's hardware components.

• It translates high-level programming code into machine code that the CPU can understand and execute.

• It provides a visual interface for users to interact with the computer.

• It manages the power supply to different parts of the computer.

What do the arrangement of transistors in a CPU make?

• Software

• Hardware Logic blocks

• Operating system

• User applications