Renal Physiology Quiz

What is the primary renal response to metabolic acidosis?

• A. Decrease in bicarbonate reabsorption

• B. Increase in NH₄⁺ excretion and HCO₃⁻ reabsorption

• C. Increased glucose excretion

• D. Increased urea production

Which nephron segment is most important for generating new bicarbonate via ammoniagenesis?

• A. Loop of Henle

• B. Distal convoluted tubule

• C. Proximal convoluted tubule

• D. Collecting duct

What happens to GFR and renal blood flow during afferent arteriole constriction?

• A. GFR increases, RBF increases

• B. GFR decreases, RBF increases

• C. GFR decreases, RBF decreases

• D. GFR increases, RBF decreases

What happens to GFR and blood flow with mild efferent arteriole constriction?

• A. GFR and RBF both increase

• B. GFR increases, RBF decreases

• C. GFR decreases, RBF increases

• D. GFR and RBF both decrease

What happens to GFR and blood flow during extreme efferent arteriole constriction?

• A. GFR increases, RBF increases

• B. GFR decreases, RBF decreases

• C. GFR decreases, RBF increases

• D. GFR increases, RBF decreases

What is the effect of aldosterone in the nephron?

• A. Increases water reabsorption in PCT

• B. Promotes urea secretion

• C. Increases Na⁺ reabsorption, K⁺ secretion in collecting duct

• D. Inhibits ENaC channels

Which segment is affected by angiotensin II, and how?

• A. Collecting duct – increases water reabsorption

• B. Proximal tubule – stimulates Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger

• C. Distal tubule – inhibits Na⁺/Cl⁻ symporter

• D. Loop of Henle – enhances urea transport

Which hormone increases if the connection between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary is cut?

• A. ACTH

• B. TSH

• C. Prolactin

• D. LH

What enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?

• A. Aromatase

• B. 17β‑hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

• C. 5‑alpha reductase

• D. Desmolase

Which hormone is produced by the corpus luteum?

• A. Estrogen

• B. Progesterone

• C. LH

• D. GnRH