Psychological Disorders and Brain Functioning

Erikson divided the life span into __ stages associated with _

• eight; physical development

• eight; psychosocial crises

• four; cognitive development

• six; moral development

Tom displays very odd behavior. He wears a heavy parka and mittens during the summer and lectures from the steps of City Hall about upcoming invasions by men from outer-space. Most likely, Tom has a psychological disorder since his behavior meets the criterion of

• personal distress

• maldaptive behavior

• cognitive confusion

• deviance

The psychoanalytic approach attempts to explain personality, motivation and mental disorders by

• studying observable behavior

• analyzing conscious experience into its basic elemence

• studying the function or purpose of consciousness

• focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior

The type of learning that occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others who are called models is

• modeling

• classical conditioning

• observational learning

• operant conditioning

What two procedures allow researchers to visualize changes in brain activity over time?

• MRI and fMRI

• CT and MRI

• PET scan and fMRI

• PET scan and CT

Which is an example of negative reinforcement?

• giving a student extra credit for class participation

• allowing a student to make-up an exam

• making a child sit in a corner until they say "I'm sorry"

• grounding a teenager for missing curfew

The type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capactiy to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is

• classical conditioning

• reinforcement

• operant conditioning

• observational learning

Pesonality tests that ask individuals to answer a series of questions about their characteristic behavior are referred to as

• intelligence tests

• projective tests

• self-report inventories

• personality tests

In experimental research, the researcher manipulates the __ variable in order to measure its effect on the

• __ variable.

• dependent; independent

• independent; extraneous

• dependent; extraneous

• independent; dependent

When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus it is called

• secondary enforcement

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• punishment