PreTutorial 5 - UL,LL and Axial Deformities ( Datin Vasanthie)

A newborn baby presents with a foot deformity noted immediately after birth. On examination, the foot appears to be turned inward with forefoot adduction, hindfoot varus, and plantar flexion. The deformity is rigid and cannot be passively corrected. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

• Talipes calcaneovalgus

• Developmental dysplasia of the hip

• Congenital Talipes Equinovarus

• Spastic cerebral palsy

A 68-year-old woman presents with pain and deformity over the base of her big toe. She reports difficulty wearing closed shoes due to a bony prominence and lateral deviation of the toe. Examination reveals a prominent medial eminence over the first metatarsophalangeal joint. What is the most appropriate initial conservative management for this condition?

• Surgical correction

• NSAIDs

• Wide-toe box shoes

• Stretching exercises

A 5 year-old child is brought to the clinic by her parents, who are concerned that her legs appear bowed. On standing, there is a noticeable gap between the knees despite the ankles touching. Clinical examination reveals bilateral genu varum. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this presentation?

• Marfan syndrome

• Rickets

• Osgood-Schlatter disease

• Cerebral palsy

A 6-week-old baby presents with a head tilt to one side and a firm mass in the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) . What is the best treatment?

• Release of SCM

• Halter traction

• Stretching

• Cervical collar

A 6-year-old child is reviewed post-supracondylar fracture and found to have a cubitus varus deformity. What is the clinical feature of this deformity?

• Outward angulation of the forearm

• Limited elbow flexion

• Inward angulation of the forearm

• Hyperextension of the elbow

A 9-year-old child presents with in toeing gait. On examination of the hip, internal rotation is more than external rotation. What is the most likely cause?

• Internal tibial torsion

• Femoral anteversion

• Pes planus

• Metatarsus adductus

A 40-year-old diabetic patient presents with a high arch foot. There's no history of trauma. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• Pes cavus

• Pes planus

• Tarsal coalition

• Hallux rigidus

A 4 year old boy is presented with hyperlaxity. Jack’s test is positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• Plantar fascitis

• Pes planus

• Pes cavus

• Tarsal coalition

A 12-year-old child with progressive bowing of the legs is diagnosed with Blount’s disease. X-ray shows medial beaking and fragmentation of the proximal tibia. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

• Observe and reassess in 6 months

• Start vitamin D supplementation

• Tibial osteotomy

• Physiotherapy

During a musculoskeletal exam, a patient demonstrates an intermalleolar distance of 8 cms. What is this deformity over the knee called?

• Genu varum

• Genu valgum

• Genu recurvatum

• Fixed flexion